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Butterfly-Wing Churn: Two Dashers Hinged to an Adjustable Bar Flap Together From One Crank
J. Stubbs (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Woody

Created by

Woody

9. November 2026NO
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Butterfly-Wing Churn: Two Dashers Hinged to an Adjustable Bar Flap Together From One Crank

Josiah Stubbs of Dublin, Indiana, received US 24,673, dated 5 July 1859, for a churn with two dashers hinged to a central bar like a butterfly's wings. The bar slides on notched stays inside the shell and is set so the cream barely covers it. One crank on the side works both dashers through two rods, one crossing the churn on a slant. Going down, the cream rushes round the dashers' edges against the shell; going up, flanges on the dashers carry cream up and throw it together. This rung builds it in a 20-litre bucket.
Intermediate
About 6 hours, plus printing

Instructions

1

Setting the bar for the cream you have

Loading Jupyter Notebook...
2

Hinged, flapping dashers, before it

Kelly flapped hinged dashers by swinging the tub. Stubbs keeps the shell still and flaps them from a crank.
3

Read US 24,673

"As the dashers are drawn upwardly, a portion of the fluid will be retained upon them, by means of the flanges (e) and thrown violently together as the dashers reach their upper extremity of motion".
4

Print the flange

A quarter of a dasher's flange e. Print four. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Design FileSTLCC0 - Free
Download Model
5

Stays and bar b

Screw two hardwood stays a 24 x 15 mm, 337 mm long, upright inside the bucket on opposite sides, and saw notches a' 6 mm wide and 4 mm deep in their inner faces every 20 mm from 60 to 220 mm up. Cut a hardwood bar b 272 x 20 x 16 mm with a slotted block 44 mm wide at each end to slide on the stays, and fit an M5 set screw c with a wing nut through one block to hold it in a notch.

Materials for this step:

20-Liter Bucket20-Liter Bucket1 piece
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece
Wood ScrewsWood Screws6 pieces
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece
Machine ScrewsMachine Screws1 piece
Wing NutWing Nut1 piece
Silicone SealantSilicone Sealant1 piece

Tools needed:

Hand SawHand Saw
ChiselsChisels
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
Tape MeasureTape Measure
6

Dashers d d

Cut two half-discs 244 mm across from 12 mm plywood and trim each to 220 mm along its straight edge. Glue the printed flanges e round their curved edges, standing 15 mm up. Hinge each dasher's straight edge to one side of the bar with two stainless butt hinges, 4 mm clear of the bar. Screw a small hardwood eye block on each dasher 100 mm out from the bar's middle, the right one 30 mm toward the front, the left one 40 mm toward the back.

Materials for this step:

Plywood SheetPlywood Sheet1 piece
PETG FilamentPETG Filament1 piece
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece
Butt HingeButt Hinge4 pieces
Wood ScrewsWood Screws16 pieces
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece

Tools needed:

FDM 3D PrinterFDM 3D Printer
JigsawJigsaw
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
SandpaperSandpaper
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
7

Crank h k and rods g g'

Drill the bucket's wall 13 mm 315 mm up, 30 mm toward the front, and fit a 12 mm stainless shaft through a hardwood bearing block outside, sealed. Fix a hardwood crank arm h 35 mm between centres on the inner end with a 8 mm pin pointing inward, and a crank handle k outside. Bend two 6 mm stainless rods with an eye at each end: g 185 mm between eyes from the pin to the right dasher, g' 262 mm from the pin across the churn on a slant to the left dasher.

Materials for this step:

Stainless Steel RodStainless Steel Rod1 piece
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece
Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels1 piece
Silicone SealantSilicone Sealant1 piece
Machine ScrewsMachine Screws2 pieces
Nylon Insert Lock NutNylon Insert Lock Nut2 pieces

Tools needed:

Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Bench ViseBench Vise
HacksawHacksaw
Files (Hand File)Files (Hand File)
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
8

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the near side of the bucket cut away: the notched stays, bar b, the two hinged dashers with their flanges, the crank inside the wall and the two rods, one crossing on a slant. It was checked at eight crank angles.
Design FileBLENDCC0 - Free
Download Model
9

Churn

Pour in about 8 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, and set the bar in the notch the notebook gives so the cream barely covers it. Put the lid on and turn the crank steadily; time it. When the butter comes, lift the bar and dashers out, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Materials for this step:

Heavy CreamHeavy Cream8 l
Coarse Sea SaltCoarse Sea Salt1 piece
WaterWater1 piece

Tools needed:

Leave-In Probe ThermometerLeave-In Probe Thermometer
StopwatchStopwatch
Digital Kitchen ScaleDigital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)
10

Troubleshooting

Butterfly-wing churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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11

History and honest limits

**Josiah Stubbs** of Dublin, Wayne County, Indiana, US 24,673, 5 July 1859, "Churn". He claimed working the butterfly wings with a single crank on one side, the rod g' crossing the cylinder on a slant. He gave no sizes or materials: every size, the notches' spacing and the crank's throw are ours.

Materials

16

Tools Required

16

Design Files

2

This blueprint makes

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Butter

Free

198
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1
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Buttermilk

Free

72
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CC0 Public Domain

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