ART
BEAUTY & WELLNESS
CRAFT
CULTURE & HISTORY
ENTERTAINMENT
ENVIRONMENT
FOOD & DRINKS
REVERSE ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
SPORTS
TECHNOLOGY
WEARABLES

Variable Contrast Paper: One Emulsion in Five Parts Dyed 30, 15, 6, 2 and 0 mg per Litre (Schwarz, Bell & Howell, US 2,620,272)
Variable contrast paper lets one box of paper print hard or soft: the colour of the printing light chooses. Schwarz split one emulsion into parts, dyed each with a halving dose of a green-sensitising dye, and blended them back. Blue light then works on every grain and gives hard prints; green light reaches only the dyed grains and gives soft ones, with smooth steps between.
Result: variable contrast paper, hard through a blue or magenta filter, softer through yellow, softest through orange or light red.
Source: Schwarz, US 2,620,272 (Bell & Howell, 1952), Example 3. Unknown: the emulsion and the dye, as the patent gives no recipe for either. Not given: dye solvent, coating thickness, drying. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Advanced
1 day
Instructions
1
1
Divide the emulsion
Divide the emulsion
Warm a fine-grain bromide emulsion of low iodide content until liquid and divide it into five equal parts. Ours: 1 litre each, working in the dark.
Materials for this step:
Fine-Grain Silver Bromoiodide Emulsion5 litersTools needed:
Glass Beaker
Large Pot (lower, for water bath)
Thermometer
Light-Tight Box2
2
Dye four parts, each less
Dye four parts, each less
Stir the Formula 3 dye into four of the parts: 30 mg per litre, 15 mg, 6 mg and 2 mg. Leave the fifth part undyed. Dye solvent: not given.
Materials for this step:
Pentadecyl Thiacarbocyanine Dye53 mgTools needed:
Balance Scale
Glass Stirring Rod3
3
Blend
Blend
Mix the five parts together into one emulsion.
Tools needed:
Glass Beaker
Glass Stirring Rod
Large Pot (lower, for water bath)4
4
Coat the paper
Coat the paper
Coat the blended emulsion on the paper base as usual, as one layer, and let it set and dry in the dark. Thickness and drying: not given.
Materials for this step:
Paper1 as requiredTools needed:
Shallow Ceramic Trays
Light-Tight Box5
5
Choose contrast with a filter
Choose contrast with a filter
Print without a filter or through blue or magenta for hard, line-like contrast; through yellow for half tones; through orange or light red for softer still.
Materials
3- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- 1 as requiredPlaceholder
Tools Required
7- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
This blueprint makes
Related Blueprints
These blueprints share knowledge with this one — techniques, materials, or principles that connect them in the learning graph.
CC0 Public Domain
This blueprint is released under CC0. You are free to copy, modify, distribute, and use this work for any purpose, without asking permission.
Support the Maker by purchasing products through their Blueprint where they earn a Maker Commission set by Vendors, or create a new iteration of this Blueprint and include it as a connection in your own Blueprint to share revenue.

