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Variable Contrast Paper: One Emulsion in Five Parts Dyed 30, 15, 6, 2 and 0 mg per Litre (Schwarz, Bell & Howell, US 2,620,272)
Charlie

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Charlie

31. October 2026DE
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Variable Contrast Paper: One Emulsion in Five Parts Dyed 30, 15, 6, 2 and 0 mg per Litre (Schwarz, Bell & Howell, US 2,620,272)

Variable contrast paper lets one box of paper print hard or soft: the colour of the printing light chooses. Schwarz split one emulsion into parts, dyed each with a halving dose of a green-sensitising dye, and blended them back. Blue light then works on every grain and gives hard prints; green light reaches only the dyed grains and gives soft ones, with smooth steps between. Result: variable contrast paper, hard through a blue or magenta filter, softer through yellow, softest through orange or light red. Source: Schwarz, US 2,620,272 (Bell & Howell, 1952), Example 3. Unknown: the emulsion and the dye, as the patent gives no recipe for either. Not given: dye solvent, coating thickness, drying. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Advanced
1 day

Instructions

1

Divide the emulsion

Warm a fine-grain bromide emulsion of low iodide content until liquid and divide it into five equal parts. Ours: 1 litre each, working in the dark.

Materials for this step:

Fine-Grain Silver Bromoiodide EmulsionFine-Grain Silver Bromoiodide Emulsion5 liters

Tools needed:

Glass BeakerGlass Beaker
Large Pot (lower, for water bath)Large Pot (lower, for water bath)
ThermometerThermometer
Light-Tight BoxLight-Tight Box
2

Dye four parts, each less

Stir the Formula 3 dye into four of the parts: 30 mg per litre, 15 mg, 6 mg and 2 mg. Leave the fifth part undyed. Dye solvent: not given.

Materials for this step:

Pentadecyl Thiacarbocyanine DyePentadecyl Thiacarbocyanine Dye53 mg

Tools needed:

Balance ScaleBalance Scale
Glass Stirring RodGlass Stirring Rod
3

Blend

Mix the five parts together into one emulsion.

Tools needed:

Glass BeakerGlass Beaker
Glass Stirring RodGlass Stirring Rod
Large Pot (lower, for water bath)Large Pot (lower, for water bath)
4

Coat the paper

Coat the blended emulsion on the paper base as usual, as one layer, and let it set and dry in the dark. Thickness and drying: not given.

Materials for this step:

PaperPaper1 as required

Tools needed:

Shallow Ceramic TraysShallow Ceramic Trays
Light-Tight BoxLight-Tight Box
5

Choose contrast with a filter

Print without a filter or through blue or magenta for hard, line-like contrast; through yellow for half tones; through orange or light red for softer still.

Materials

3

Tools Required

7

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