UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Bearing Steel Bar (52100): Crucible Steel Alloyed with Chromium
52100 is the steel of ball bearings: about 1 % carbon and 1.5 % chromium (ASM). The standard, ASTM A295, allows 0.93–1.05 % carbon and 1.35–1.60 % chromium. Here crucible steel is melted with chromium and a little manganese, cast, forged to bar and annealed soft for working.
Our method, not the factory one: factory 52100 is melted in an electric furnace and vacuum-degassed to meet the standard's limits on inclusions. A crucible melt can reach the composition, but only a lab test shows whether it is clean enough for bearings.
The picture: our drawing, crucible to bar.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
2 days
Imiyalelo
1
1
Weigh the charge
Weigh the charge
For 1 kg: 981.5 g crucible steel of about 1 % carbon, 15 g chromium and 3.5 g manganese (our figures; see the last step). Use steel whose analysis you know.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Insimbi yembiza yokuncibilikisa981.5 g
Insimbi Ye-Chromium15 g
I-manganese3.5 gAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isikali Sedijithali Sasekhishini2
2
Melt
Melt
Pack the steel, chromium and manganese in a covered clay crucible and melt it in the furnace. The alloy is fully liquid above 1450 °C.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Imbiza Yobumba Ejulile
Iziko lezitini
Umfutho Womoya
Amagilavu okushisela
Ipheshana Lesikhumba
Izibuko zokuphepha3
3
Cast the ingot
Cast the ingot
Lift the crucible out with tongs and pour into a cast-iron ingot mould. Let it cool.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Udlawu Lwesitsha Sokuncibilikisa
Isikhunta sokuthela insimbiAmagilavu okushiselaIpheshana LesikhumbaIzibuko zokuphepha4
4
Forge to bar
Forge to bar
Heat the ingot to a cherry-red heat and no hotter, and draw it out on the anvil to a round or square bar. Reheat when the colour drops; never hammer it cold.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Amalahle1 as requiredAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Iziko lomkhandi wensimbi
Insimbi Yokukhandela
Isando esikhulu
Isando esinekhanda elimise okwesikhonkwane
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6Amagilavu okushiselaIpheshana LesikhumbaIzibuko zokuphepha5
5
Test the analysis
Test the analysis
Drill clean chips from the bar and have a lab analyse carbon, chromium, manganese, silicon, phosphorus and sulphur. Keep the bar only if it is within 52100 limits.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhola lesandla
Ijeke Lengilazi ElinesivaloIzibuko zokuphepha6
6
Anneal soft
Anneal soft
In the oven, hold the bar at 793 °C (1460 °F) for 30 minutes, cool in the oven no faster than 500 °C an hour to 682 °C (1260 °F), then cool in air (Verhoeven's anneal).
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Uhhavini lokwelapha ngokushisa
I-thermocouple enesibonisiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbiAmagilavu okushisela7
7
The charge
The charge
Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
Izinto
4- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- 3.5 gIsibambeli
- 1 as requiredIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
19- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
Le blueprint yenza
Ama-blueprint ahlobene
Lama-blueprint abelana ngolwazi — amasu, izinto noma izimiso
Crucible Cast Steel by the Huntsman Process — Remelting Blister Steel into Flawless Ingots
ngu-Tarkin
Umsebenzi Wensimbi
43
0
0
0
0
0
Chromium Metal: Chromic Oxide Reduced by Aluminium (Thermit)
ngu-Forge
Umsebenzi Wensimbi
7
0
0
0
0
0
Tool-Steel Bar: Crucible Steel Drawn Out at a Cherry-Red Heat
ngu-Forge
Steel & Iron
24
0
0
0
0
0
CC0 Isizinda Somphakathi
Le blueprint ikhishwe ngaphansi kwe-CC0. Ukhululekile ukukopisha, ukuguqula, ukusabalalisa, nokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume.
Sekela uMenzi ngokuthenga imikhiqizo nge-Blueprint yabo IKhomishane Yomenzi kumiswe ngabathengisi, noma dala inguqulo entsha yale Blueprint bese uyifaka njengoxhumaniso ku-Blueprint yakho ukuze wabelane ngemali engenayo.