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Carbon Resistance Ring: Laminated Paper Gelled with 10% Tung Oil, Graphite-Shellac Track
L. E. Lawrence and R. O. Lewis · Public domain (expired patent)
Ed

Yenziwe ngu-

Ed

21. uMfumfu 2026FI
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Carbon Resistance Ring: Laminated Paper Gelled with 10% Tung Oil, Graphite-Shellac Track

Mallory's quiet volume-control ring (US 2,144,925, 1939). Hard bases were noisy and soft paper ones changed with damp. Their answer: paper rings soaked in 10 % raw tung oil and baked, so the oil gels inside the paper. It shuts out moisture but stays soft and springy, and the wiper runs on it quietly. A graphite paint makes the track, silver paint the ends. The picture: the patent's drawing (Fig. 3).
Ophakathi
1 day

Imiyalelo

1

Punch rings from three-ply paper

The base is three papers stuck into one sheet: litho paper at the back, newsprint in the middle, manila on the face that takes the track. Punch rings from it. Ours: a punch press with a ring die.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Iphepha elinezingqimba ezintathu elihlanganisiweIphepha elinezingqimba ezintathu elihlanganisiwe1 ucezu

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Umshini wokubhobozaUmshini wokubhoboza
Isikhunta sokusika izindandathoIsikhunta sokusika izindandatho
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
2

Soak 1 hour in 10 % tung oil in naphtha

Soak the rings for about one hour in about 10 % raw tung oil in naphtha. Use raw oil, not heat-bodied or treated oil, so it can still gel.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Uwoyela we-tungUwoyela we-tung10 parts

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-naphthaI-naphtha
Ibhikha LengilaziIbhikha Lengilazi
Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
IsigovuziIsigovuzi
Imaski yokuphefumula yobuso bonkeImaski yokuphefumula yobuso bonke
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
3

Air-dry, then bake at 210–250 °C

Dry the rings in air for two hours or more, then bake 15 to 30 minutes at 210 to 250 °C. The oil gels in the paper's pores; the paper stays pliable.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ihhavini yokomisaIhhavini yokomisa
Ithemomitha YehhaviniIthemomitha Yehhavini
Amagilavu Amelana NokushisaAmagilavu Amelana Nokushisa
4

Spray the graphite track

Spray on the resistance paint, for example graphite in a shellac binder. The patent gives no proportions. The track can be tapered in thickness, width or mix to shape the resistance curve.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Impushana Ye-graphiteImpushana Ye-graphite1 as required
I-shellacI-shellac1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isibhamu SokuchelaIsibhamu Sokuchela
I-compressor yomoyaI-compressor yomoya
Imaski yokuphefumula yobuso bonkeImaski yokuphefumula yobuso bonke
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
5

Paint silver ends, bake at 220 °C

Spray or paint the two end terminals with silver particles in shellac. Dry, then bake at about 220 °C to cure and harden the track. The slight warp from soaking flattens out again.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Upende wesiliva odlulisa ugesiUpende wesiliva odlulisa ugesi1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isibhamu SokuchelaIsibhamu Sokuchela
Ihhavini yokomisaIhhavini yokomisa
Ithemomitha YehhaviniIthemomitha Yehhavini
Amagilavu Amelana NokushisaAmagilavu Amelana Nokushisa

Izinto

5

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

13

Le blueprint yenza

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Isici Sokumelana Nogesi Se-Carbon

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Tung Oil Pressed from the Seeds of Tung Nuts

Tung Oil Pressed from the Seeds of Tung Nuts

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Umsebenzi Wokhuni

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Carbon Resistance Element: Lampblack in Alkyd and Chinese Wood Oil on Laminated Phenolic

Carbon Resistance Element: Lampblack in Alkyd and Chinese Wood Oil on Laminated Phenolic

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