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Convex and Concave Lenses Ground as a Pair
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14. uMfumfu 2026DK
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Convex and Concave Lenses Ground as a Pair

Rub one glass disc over another with wet grit and both change shape: the one on top goes hollow, the one beneath goes domed, and they stay a perfect fit. Grind both faces of a pair this way and the bottom disc becomes a double-convex lens, the top one a double-concave lens of the same curve. Longer work gives deeper curves and shorter focal lengths. The picture: a double-convex lens held at arm's length shows the scene small and upside down.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
Several days per pair

Imiyalelo

1

Cut two discs

Score two equal circles on the glass sheet, snap them out and nibble the edges round with grozing pliers. Fix a short wooden handle to the back of each with warm pitch.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ushidi wengilaziUshidi wengilazi1 ucezu
Iglu Yetiyela LepayiniIglu Yetiyela Lepayini20 g
Umucu wokhuni oluqinileUmucu wokhuni oluqinile1 ucezu

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isisiki sengilaziIsisiki sengilazi
Udlawu lokuluma ingilaziUdlawu lokuluma ingilazi
Izibuko zokuphephaIzibuko zokuphepha
2

Rough grind the first faces

Lay one disc face up on a firm table, wet it and sprinkle coarse grit. Push the other disc over it, face down, in short strokes, turning both a little all the time. The top one becomes concave, the bottom convex. Rinse and recharge as the grit wears.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmanziAmanzi2 amalitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IrulaIrula
Amagcubu e-silicon carbideAmagcubu e-silicon carbide
3

Check the curve

Lay a ruler across the hollow disc and measure the depth at the centre with the caliper. Keep the top disc on top to deepen the curve; swap them to flatten it.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IrulaIrula
I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6
4

Fine grind and polish

Go through finer grits, washing everything clean between grits. Polish each face on a pitch lap pressed to the other disc's curve, with tin oxide (putty powder) and water, until clear.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

I-oksayidi kathini (i-stannic oxide)I-oksayidi kathini (i-stannic oxide)30 g
Iglu Yetiyela LepayiniIglu Yetiyela Lepayini100 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Amagcubu e-silicon carbideAmagcubu e-silicon carbide
5

Turn them over, do the second faces

Move the handles to the finished faces and grind the other sides the same way, the same disc on top, to the same depth. The bottom disc is now a double-convex lens, the top one double-concave.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

I-oksayidi kathini (i-stannic oxide)I-oksayidi kathini (i-stannic oxide)20 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6
Amagcubu e-silicon carbideAmagcubu e-silicon carbide
6

Find the focal length

Hold the convex lens in sunlight over paper and move it until the spot is smallest; that distance is its focal length. Grind more pairs to different depths for a set of focal lengths.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

IrulaIrula
7

Focal length from the curve

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
8

Limits

Which disc goes hollow is the mirror makers' rule (Sky & Telescope, Stellafane); the lens formula is from Wikipedia. Window glass is not optical glass: expect some colour fringes and bubbles.

Izinto

5

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

6

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