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Ethylene by Steam Cracking of Naphtha
Ethylene, the most-made organic chemical, comes from cracking hydrocarbons with steam. Naphtha mixed with steam passes through furnace tubes at around 850 °C for milliseconds and is quenched at once. The cracked gas is compressed in three stages and separated by cryogenic distillation into ethylene, propylene and the rest.
The picture: our diagram of furnace, quench, compressor and cold column.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
Continuous; months between de-cokings
Imiyalelo
1
1
Crack with steam
Crack with steam
Mix naphtha with steam and pass it through the furnace tubes at around 850 °C. Keep it there only milliseconds.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-naphtha1 tAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando sokuqhekeza ngesitimu
Amanzi2
2
Quench
Quench
Cool the gas at once in a transfer line heat exchanger or with quench oil, so the cracking stops.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando sokuqhekeza ngesitimu3
3
Compress
Compress
Compress the cracked gas in three stages.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
I-compressor yegesi4
4
Separate cold
Separate cold
Separate the gas by cryogenic distillation into hydrogen and methane, ethylene, propylene and heavier parts.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Insika yokucwenga ebanda kakhulu5
5
De-coke the furnace
De-coke the furnace
Coke builds up in the tubes. Every few months take the furnace off line and remove it.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando sokuqhekeza ngesitimu6
6
How much gas a kilogram of ethylene is
How much gas a kilogram of ethylene is
Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…
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