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Forged Cross-Peen Hammer
Forge

Yenziwe ngu-

Forge

11. uMfumfu 2026NO
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Forged Cross-Peen Hammer

Smiths make their own hammers. A bar of high-carbon steel is punched through hot for the eye, the eye is opened to shape with a drift, one end is drawn into a peen, and the head is cut off the bar. It is hardened all over, then tempered by heat run from the middle: the eye and cheeks are left soft (blue) so they do not crack, the faces harder (straw) so they do not dent. The handle is riven ash or hickory, wedged into the eye.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
A day

Imiyalelo

1

Square the bar

Forge crucible steel into a square bar about 30 mm across, long enough to hold by one end.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Insimbi yembiza yokuncibilikisaInsimbi yembiza yokuncibilikisa2 kg
AmalahleAmalahle15 kg

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Iziko lomkhandi wensimbiIziko lomkhandi wensimbi
Insimbi YokukhandelaInsimbi Yokukhandela
Isando esikhuluIsando esikhulu
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
Ipheshana LesikhumbaIpheshana Lesikhumba
Amagilavu okushiselaAmagilavu okushisela
Izibuko zokuphephaIzibuko zokuphepha
Izivikeli zendlebeIzivikeli zendlebe
2

Punch the eye

At a yellow heat, drive the hot punch halfway in from one side, turn the bar over and punch through from the other side over the anvil's hole. Cool the punch often.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmanziAmanzi5 amalitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isibhobozi esishisayoIsibhobozi esishisayo
Isando esikhuluIsando esikhulu
Insimbi YokukhandelaInsimbi Yokukhandela
Ibhakede lokupholisaIbhakede lokupholisa
3

Drift the eye

Drive the drift through the hot eye from both sides to open it to the handle's shape.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isikhulisi semboboIsikhulisi sembobo
Isando esikhuluIsando esikhulu
4

Draw the peen

Mark the head's length. Draw one side of the eye into a wedge-shaped peen with the fuller and flatter, its edge across the handle's line.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-fuller (insimbi yokwenza umsele)I-fuller (insimbi yokwenza umsele)
Ithuluzi lokwenza kube yisicabaIthuluzi lokwenza kube yisicaba
Isando esikhuluIsando esikhulu
5

Cut off and dress

Cut the head off the bar on the hot-cut hardy. Square and slightly dome the face; round the peen's edge.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isisiki esimiswa ensimbini yokukhandelaIsisiki esimiswa ensimbini yokukhandela
Isando esikhuluIsando esikhulu
Iqoqo LamafayelaIqoqo Lamafayela
6

Normalise

Heat it to a red heat and let it cool in still air, three times, to relieve the forging.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Iziko lomkhandi wensimbiIziko lomkhandi wensimbi
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
7

Harden

Heat evenly until a magnet no longer sticks, and quench it in warm oil in a lidded bucket, moving it, for a few minutes.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Uwoyela we-canolaUwoyela we-canola5 amalitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Iziko lomkhandi wensimbiIziko lomkhandi wensimbi
UzibutheUzibuthe
Ibhakede lensimbi elinesivaloIbhakede lensimbi elinesivalo
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
Amagilavu okushiselaAmagilavu okushisela
8

Temper from the eye

Sand the faces bright. Heat the middle of the head with the torch and watch the colours run out toward the ends: when the faces reach straw and the eye is blue, quench it in water.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ishidi lephepha lokuhlikihlaIshidi lephepha lokuhlikihla
Isibani Se-propaneIsibani Se-propane
Ibhakede lokupholisaIbhakede lokupholisa
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
9

Handle

Shave the handle stock to fit the eye tightly, drive the head on, saw a kerf in the handle's top and drive a glued hardwood wedge into it. Trim flush and oil the handle.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ingodo Yokhuni Oluqinile YezibamboIngodo Yokhuni Oluqinile Yezibambo1 ucezu
Isikhonkwane sokhuni oluqinileIsikhonkwane sokhuni oluqinile1 ucezu
Uwoyela We-linseedUwoyela We-linseed10 ml

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ipuleni elinezibambo ezimbiliIpuleni elinezibambo ezimbili
Isaha yabantu ababiliIsaha yabantu ababili
Isibambo SebhentshiIsibambo Sebhentshi
10

Troubleshooting

Hammer making troubleshooting.

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Amathuluzi Adingekayo

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