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Mild Steel Bar Stock Forged from an Ingot
Mills roll steel ingots into bar between grooved rolls. Before rolling mills, and in any forge today, the same shapes are drawn out by hand: cut a billet from a low-carbon (mild) steel ingot, heat it, and hammer it longer and thinner, square first; then eight-sided and round in a swage block for round bar and rod, or flattened for flat bar.
Hand-forged bar is not as exact as rolled bar: measure it and allow for that. Mild steel does not harden when cooled in air, so the bar is left to cool on its own.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
A day per few metres
Imiyalelo
1
1
Where the ingot comes from
Where the ingot comes from
The ingot must be low-carbon (mild) steel.
2
2
Light the forge
Light the forge
Build a deep, clean charcoal fire in the forge with the air on.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Amalahle10 kgAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Iziko lomkhandi wensimbi3
3
Cut billets
Cut billets
Heat the ingot to a yellow heat and cut billets from it on the hot-cut hardy, striking with the sledgehammer. Wear apron, gloves, glasses and ear protection.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Isigaxa sensimbi5 kgAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isisiki esimiswa ensimbini yokukhandela
Isando esikhulu
Udlawu lomkhandi wensimbi
Insimbi Yokukhandela
Ipheshana Lesikhumba
Amagilavu okushisela
Izibuko zokuphepha
Izivikeli zendlebe4
4
Draw out square
Draw out square
Heat a billet to yellow. Hammer it on the anvil face, a quarter turn after every few blows, so it stays square as it lengthens. Return it to the fire when it cools to red; never let it spark white.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isando somkhandi wensimbiUdlawu lomkhandi wensimbiInsimbi YokukhandelaIziko lomkhandi wensimbi5
5
Square bar
Square bar
For square bar, stop at the size you need and true the faces under the flatter.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ithuluzi lokwenza kube yisicabaIsando esikhulu
I-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-66
6
Round bar and rod
Round bar and rod
For round, knock the square's corners down to eight sides, then turn it in the swage block's round groove under the hammer until round. Smaller grooves give rod.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhulokhi elinezimbobo lokubumbaIsando somkhandi wensimbiI-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-67
7
Flat bar
Flat bar
For flat bar, draw the square wider and thinner on its edge and face, then smooth it with the flatter.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
I-fuller (insimbi yokwenza umsele)Ithuluzi lokwenza kube yisicabaIsando esikhuluI-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-68
8
Straighten and cool
Straighten and cool
At a low red heat, sight along the bar and tap it straight on the anvil. Lay it on the floor to cool in still air.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isando somkhandi wensimbi
Umphetho oqondile9
9
Clean and measure
Clean and measure
Wire-brush off the scale, cut to length, and record each bar's size and length.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isethi yamabhulashi ocingoI-Caliper Yedijithali Yamayintshi Ayi-6
Ithephu Lokulinganisa10
10
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Drawing out troubleshooting.
Flow
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Amathuluzi Adingekayo
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