Ukwenza upende we-casein ngobisi nomcako — Upende wodonga wasendulo osekelwe kuphrotheni
Upende we-casein ungomunye wopende abahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu emlandweni — ungqimba oluqine kakhulu olwenziwe ngephrotheni esebisini, luvuswe ngomcako. Ubufakazi bezingqimba ezisekelwe ku-casein bukhona okungenani iminyaka engu-3,000, futhi upende we-casein wawusetshenziswa kakhulu eGibhithe lasendulo, eYurophu yeNkathi Ephakathi nasekwenzeni ifenisha yamakoloni aseMelika. ‘Upende wobisi’ (njengoba ubizwa kakhulu namuhla) wahlala ungupende ojwayelekile wefenisha nezindonga emaphandleni aseYurophu naseMelika kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20, futhi muva nje usubuyile phakathi kwabenzi befenisha, abaculi besintu nabahlobisi abakhathalela imvelo.
Ikhemistri yawo ilula futhi inhle. Ubisi olungenawo amafutha luqukethe cishe u-3% we-casein — umndeni wama-phosphoprotein ajiya abe yizigaxa uma ubisi lufakwa i-asidi ngoviniga noma ngejusi kalamula. Lezi zigaxa azincibiliki emanzini zisezintsha, kodwa uma zixutshwa nomcako ocinyiwe (i-calcium hydroxide), umcako uncibilikisa i-casein wakhe i-calcium caseinate — inamathelisi enamandla eyoma iqine, imelane namanzi futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uma kwengezwa i-pigment, kuphuma upende onamathela kahle kakhulu, onokugcina okungacwebezeli okuhle futhi ohlala isikhathi eside ngokumangalisayo.
Upende we-casein womile ube nokugcina okuqinile, cishe okunjengeshoki, okungeke kuncibilikiswe ngamanzi uma usuqinile — ngokungafani ne-distemper, ehlala incibilika emanzini. Lokhu kwenza upende we-casein ufanelekele ifenisha, imisebenzi yokhuni nezindonga zangaphandle lapho kudingeka ukugezeka noma ukumelana nesimo sezulu. Upende ungavalwa ngamafutha e-linseed noma nge-wax ukuze uhlale isikhathi eside kakhulu. Umkhawulo owodwa nje ukuthi upende we-casein kumele usetshenziswe phakathi kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokuxutshwa — iphrotheni iqala ukubola ngemva kwamahora angu-24-48.
Imiyalelo
Jiyisa ubisi ngoviniga
Jiyisa ubisi ngoviniga
Fudumeza ilitha elingu-1 lobisi olungenawo amafutha kuze kube cishe ngu-40°C (ungalubilisi). Engeza u-60 ml kaviniga omhlophe bese uxuba kancane. Ubisi luzojiya emizuzwini embalwa — iphrotheni ye-casein ijiya ibe yizigaxa ezimhlophe, ishiye uketshezi oluphuzi-luhlaza (i-whey). Yeka inhlanganisela ime imizuzu engu-15-30 ukuze ukujiya kuqedeke. Sebenzisa ubisi olungenawo amafutha, hhayi ubisi olugcwele — amafutha obisini olugcwele aphazamisa ukuhlanganisa futhi enza upende ungahlali isikhathi eside.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Ubisi olukhishwe ukhilimu1 ilitha
Uviniga Omhlophe Wokuhlanza60 mlAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhodwe Elikhulu Lomhluzi
Ithemomitha YokuphekaHlunga ucindezele izigaxa
Hlunga ucindezele izigaxa
Thela ubisi olujiyile ngesihlungo esinemigodi emincane noma ngendwangu ye-muslin ukuze uhlukanise izigaxa ne-whey. Cindezela izigaxa kancane ukuze ukhiphe i-whey eningi ngangokunokwenzeka — umswakama owedlulele wenza upende ube buthakathaka. Izigaxa kufanele zibe yinqwaba emhlophe eqinile ehlakazekayo. Lahla i-whey (noma uyisebenzise engadini — ingumanyolo omncane). Kusukela kwilitha elingu-1 lobisi olungenawo amafutha, lindela cishe u-100-150 g wezigaxa ezimanzi. Izigaxa kumele zisetshenziswe zisezintsha — phakathi kwamahora angu-24.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isihlungo EsicolekileNcibilikisa izigaxa ngomcako
Ncibilikisa izigaxa ngomcako
Beka izigaxa ezicindezelwe endishini yokuxuba. Engeza u-15-20 g womcako ocinyiwe (i-calcium hydroxide) bese uxuba kahle. Umcako uncibilikisa iphrotheni ye-casein uyiguqule ibe yi-calcium caseinate — unama olubushelelezi olunjengokhilimu olunamandla amakhulu okunamathela. Xuba ngamandla imizuzu engu-5. Inhlanganisela kufanele ibe bushelelezi futhi icwebezele kancane. Uma ijiyile kakhulu, engeza amanzi amancane. Iphunga lomcako lijwayelekile futhi lizophela njengoba upende womile. Gqoka amagilavu — umcako ocinyiwe uyi-alkali futhi ungacasula isikhumba.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-calcium hydroxide (umcako ocishiwe)20 gAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Amagilavu erabha
Ukhezo Lokugovuza LokhuniEngeza i-pigment ulungise ukujiya
Engeza i-pigment ulungise ukujiya
Xuba impuphu ye-pigment yomhlabathi namanzi amancane ukuze wenze unama olubushelelezi, bese uyixubela esisekelweni se-casein. Noma iyiphi i-pigment yamaminerali iyasebenza: i-ochre ephuzi, i-ochre ebomvu, i-umber, i-sienna, i-lampblack noma i-titanium emhlophe. Engeza i-pigment uze ufinyelele umbala owufunayo — upende we-casein womile ukhanya kancane kunalapho usamanzi, ngakho yenza inhlanganisela ibe mnyama kancane kunombala ohlosiwe. Engeza amanzi ukuze unciphise upende ube ngokwanele ukugcotshwa ngebhulashi — kufanele ugeleze kahle ebhulashini kodwa ube nomzimba omuhle. Sebenzisa upende phakathi kwamahora angu-24 — i-casein ibola ngokushesha.
Gcoba ezindaweni bese uyeka uqine
Gcoba ezindaweni bese uyeka uqine
Gcoba upende we-casein ezindaweni ezihlanzekile nezomile — ukhuni, ukhonkolo noma izitini — usebenzisa ibhulashi. Gcoba izingqimba ezincane ezingu-2-3, uyeke ungqimba ngalunye lome amahora angu-4-6. Upende womile ube nokugcina okuhle okuyisicaba okungacwebezeli okufana ne-distemper kodwa okuqinile futhi okumelana namanzi. Ngemva kwamahora angu-24-48 okuqina, upende we-casein awusancibiliki emanzini — i-calcium caseinate iyahlangana yakhe uhlaka olungancibiliki. Ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside efenisheni, vala upende owomile ngamafutha e-linseed noma ngomhlaba wezinyosi. Hlanza amabhulashi ngamanzi afudumele ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhulashi elibanzi lokupendaIzinto
3- 1 ilithaIsibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
6- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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