Ukwenza upende we-egg tempera — Indlela yokupenda amapulangwe yeNkathi Ephakathi

Phula iqanda bese uhlukanisa isikhuphashe nokumhlophe ngokuphelele. Dlulisa isikhuphashe uye emuva phakathi kwezandla zakho (noma phakathi kwezingxenye zegobolondo), uyeke okumhlophe kuconse kuze kusale isikhwama sesikhuphashe kuphela. Isikhwama sesikhuphashe sisonge ngolwelwesi oluncane — sithathe ngokuncinza ulwelwesi phakathi kweminwe yakho bese usibamba phezu kwesitsha esihlanzekile. Bhoboza ulwelwesi ngephini noma ngesihloko sommese bese uyeka uketshezi lwesikhuphashe lugelezele esitsheni. Lahla ulwelwesi. Uketshezi lwesikhuphashe olumsulwa luyinto yakho ehlanganisayo. Ulwelwesi kumele lukhishwe ngoba lwenza izigaxa kupende. Isikhuphashe seqanda esisodwa sikhiqiza okwanele okuhlanganisayo kwesikhathi esijwayelekile sokupenda. I-egg tempera kumele ixutshwe isha nsuku zonke — isikhuphashe siyonakala emahoreni angu-24 ekushiseni kwekamelo, futhi isikhuphashe esonakele senza upende obuthakathaka onuka kabi.

Kumbala ngamunye ofuna ukuwusebenzisa, beka inani elincane lempuphu ye-pigment eyomile (cishe ithisipuni elilodwa) esitsheni sengilazi esehlukile. Ugqoke imaski yothuli, engeza amaconsi ambalwa amanzi ahlanziwe bese uxuba ngommese wephalethi noma ngesibambo sebhulashi ukuze wenze unama obushelelezi, obujiyile — onjengokhilimu ojiyile. Amanzi amanzisa izinhlayiya ze-pigment futhi asuse ingozi yothuli. I-pigment ngayinye iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile: ama-pigment omhlabathi (ama-ochre, ama-sienna, ama-umber) amanziseka kalula futhi akha unama obushelelezi ngokushesha; amanye ama-pigment okwenziwa ayamelana nokumanziswa futhi adinga ukuxutshwa okwengeziwe. Unama kufanele lungabi nazigaxa ezomile kodwa lungageleze. Uma luncane kakhulu, luyeke luzinze bese uthela amanzi amaningi. Lolu nama lwe-pigment lungagcinwa amahora noma izinsuku ezitsheni ezivaliwe — yisikhuphashe seqanda esinesikhathi esifushane sokugcinwa.

Hlanganisa amavolumu acishe alingane onama we-pigment nesikhuphashe seqanda — isilinganiso esihle sokuqala yingxenye engu-1 yesikhuphashe engxenyeni engu-1 yonama we-pigment. Xuba kahle ngebhulashi noma ngommese wephalethi. Inhlanganisela kufanele ibe wuketshezi olubushelelezi olunjengokhilimu olugeleza kalula ebhulashini. Uma ijiyile kakhulu, engeza amaconsi ambalwa amanzi. Uma incane kakhulu futhi iboneka, engeza unama we-pigment owengeziwe. Isikhuphashe seqanda sisebenza njengento ehlanganisayo nanjengento exubayo — sihlanganisa i-pigment nendawo yokupenda futhi sakhe inhlanganisela ezinzile yamaconsi amafutha (avela emafutheni emvelo esikhuphashe) emanzini. Le nhlanganisela yiyona eyenza i-egg tempera inciphiswe ngamanzi isemanzi kodwa imelane namanzi uma isomile — amaprotheni ayashintsha namafutha ahlangane, akha ungqimba oluhlala unomphela.

Ngaphambi kokupenda umsebenzi wakho wokugcina, hlola umbala ngamunye ocezwini lwepulangwe eligcotshwe nge-gesso noma ephepheni. Gcoba umugqa omncane wesibhulashi bese uyeka womile (imizuzu engu-1-5). I-egg tempera eyenziwe kahle kufanele yome ibe ungqimba olubushelelezi olungacwebezeli olunombala ogcwele. Klekla kancane upende owomile ngozipho — kufanele umelane nokukleklwa futhi ungabi yimpuphu. Uma upende unjengeshoki futhi uba yimpuphu uma usomile, isikhuphashe seqanda asanele (engeza isikhuphashe). Uma upende ucwebezela futhi unamathela, kunesikhuphashe esiningi kakhulu (engeza unama we-pigment). Uma upende uqhekeka njengoba womile, ungqimba lujiyile kakhulu — i-egg tempera kumele igcotshwe ngezingqimba ezincane, hhayi ezijiyile (impasto). I-egg tempera iba mnyama kancane njengoba yomile ngoba indlela ukukhanya okugobeka ngayo iyashintsha, ngakho umbala omanzi ngeke ufane ncamashi nombala owomile.

Ukoma okusheshayo kwe-egg tempera (imizuzu) kwenza ukugcoba okujiyile kungenzeki — upende uyaqina ngaphambi kokuthi uxutshwe kahle. Esikhundleni salokho, yakha umbala ngezingqimba eziningi ezincane eziboneka kancane. Ungqimba ngalunye luguqula umbala ongaphansi kwalo, kudale ukujula nokukhanya njengoba ukukhanya kudlula ezingqimbeni eziboneka kubuye kubuye kusuka esisekelweni esimhlophe se-gesso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-glazing. Sebenza ngemigqa yebhulashi emincane enembile — indlela yendabuko isebenzisa imigqa emincane ehambisanayo (njengemigqa ewelanayo emidwebweni). Gcoba ungqimba olulodwa, uluyeke lome imizuzu engu-5-10, bese ugcoba olulandelayo. Imibala ixubana emehlweni: imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezu kokuphuzi yenza okuluhlaza; obomvu ogcotshwe phezu kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwenza okunsomi. Lokhu kuxubana emehlweni kudala imibala ekhanyayo kunokuxuba ama-pigment ngokwenyama ngoba ungqimba ngalunye lwe-pigment lugcina ubukhali balo obugcwele.

Indlela ehlukile yokupenda nge-egg tempera ukwakha isimo ngezingqimba zemigqa emincane ehambisanayo (hatching). Qala ngemithunzi emnyama kakhulu ezingqimbeni ezincane. Uma isomile, engeza imibala ephakathi usebenzisa imigqa yebhulashi ehambisanayo embozayo ingxenye yongqimba lwesithunzi. Bese wengeza imibala ekhanyayo ngemigqa eminyene ezindaweni ezikhanya kakhulu. Imigqa ewelanayo (izingqimba zemigqa ezembozanayo ngama-engeli ahlukene) idala ukushintsha kombala okubushelelezi. Isisekelo esimhlophe se-gesso sikhanya ngezingqimba eziboneka kancane, sinikeze imidwebo ye-tempera ukukhanya kwayo okuhlukile — yingakho izithonjana nezinto zase-altare zeNkathi Ephakathi zinalokho kukhanya kwangaphakathi okuhlukile. Sebenza ngohlelo kusukela kokumnyama kuya kokukhanyayo, kusukela kokuncane kuya kokuminyene. Ungqimba ngalunye kufanele lome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthi kugcotshwe olulandelayo. Umdwebo we-tempera oqediwe ungaba nezingqimba ezingu-10-50 ezindaweni ezithuthuke kakhulu.

Upende we-egg tempera kumele uxutshwe umusha isikhathi ngasinye sokupenda ngoba isikhuphashe seqanda siyonakala. Upende ongasetshenziswanga ungafakwa esiqandisini ezitsheni ezivaliwe kuze kube amahora angu-24, kodwa ikhwalithi iyehla. Unama we-pigment namanzi (ngaphandle kwesikhuphashe) ungagcinwa unomphela ezitsheni ezivaliwe — vele wengeze isikhuphashe esisha uma usulungele ukupenda. Hlanza amabhulashi ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngokuwahlambulula emanzini — i-egg tempera iqala ukumelana namanzi emizuzwini embalwa futhi ingancibiliki emanzini ngokuphelele emahoreni ambalwa njengoba amaprotheni eshintsha. Ibhulashi elishiywe kupende we-tempera owomayo lizonakala. Imidwebo ye-egg tempera eqediwe iqine kakhulu — iba lukhuni futhi imelane namanzi ngokwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba amaprotheni ehlangana ngokwengeziwe. Amapulangwe e-tempera eNkathi Ephakathi asinde iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-600. Ukuze kuvikeleke ngokwengeziwe, i-varnish yendabuko ye-damar ingagcotshwa ngemva kokuba umdwebo usuqinile okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6.