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Nylon Salt: Hexamethylenediamine and Adipic Acid Crystallized from Alcohol, Carothers 1938
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Nylon Salt: Hexamethylenediamine and Adipic Acid Crystallized from Alcohol, Carothers 1938

Equal moles of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, warmed in watery alcohol until they dissolve, crystallize on cooling as white nylon salt (Carothers, du Pont, US 2,130,947, 1938). The salt always holds the two exactly one to one, which is what makes the nylon come out right. The picture: our drawing of the warm flask, the crystals and the filter.
Ophakathi
A day

Imiyalelo

1

Weigh one mole each

Weigh 144 g hexamethylenediamine and 174 g adipic acid: one mole of each.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

I-hexamethylenediamineI-hexamethylenediamine144 g
I-adipic acidI-adipic acid174 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isikali Sedijithali SasekhishiniIsikali Sedijithali Sasekhishini
2

Warm to dissolve

Put both in a flask with 1300 g of 95 % alcohol and 210 g water. Warm until everything dissolves. Keep flames away from the alcohol.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhodlela le-ErlenmeyerIbhodlela le-Erlenmeyer
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %
Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
3

Cool and filter

Cool the solution. The salt separates as white crystals. Filter them off.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)
Iphampu yomoyaIphampu yomoya
4

Recrystallize

Dissolve the crystals warm in 1300 g of 95 % alcohol and 200 g water, cool and filter again. Carothers got 247 g, melting at 183–184 °C.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhodlela le-ErlenmeyerIbhodlela le-Erlenmeyer
Ipuleti ElishisayoIpuleti Elishisayo
I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %I-ethanol - izinga lelabhorethri, 95 %
Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)
Iphampu yomoyaIphampu yomoya
5

Check the balance

For an exact one-to-one salt, the pH of its solution sits at the turning point of the titration curve, about 7.6 for this pair.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Isikali se-pH nezinsiza zokukalaIsikali se-pH nezinsiza zokukala
6

Moles

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…

Izinto

2

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

8

Le blueprint yenza

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Usawoti we-nylon

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Hexamethylenediamine: Adiponitrile Hydrogenated with Ammonia over Nickel, Howk 1939
Yingozi

Hexamethylenediamine: Adiponitrile Hydrogenated with Ammonia over Nickel, Howk 1939

ngu-CharlieDE

Organic

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Adipic Acid: Cyclohexanol Oxidised with Boiling Nitric Acid, 1925
Yingozi

Adipic Acid: Cyclohexanol Oxidised with Boiling Nitric Acid, 1925

ngu-CharlieDE

Organic

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