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Precipitated Silica: Hot Water Glass Carbonated, Then Acidified to pH 6.75 (Allen 1957)
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Precipitated Silica: Hot Water Glass Carbonated, Then Acidified to pH 6.75 (Allen 1957)

Bubble carbon dioxide through hot dilute water glass and the silica comes down as an extremely fine white powder rather than a gel. Edward Allen of Columbia-Southern made it this way as a white reinforcing filler for rubber; this follows his Example XI, which gave a powder of 148 m² per gram. Source: E. M. Allen (Columbia-Southern), US 2,805,955 (1957), Example XI. The percentages are our arithmetic; the filter, mill and indicator are ours. Picture drawn by Youblob.
Ophakathi
2 days

Imiyalelo

1

Dilute the water glass

Take 12,850 g of sodium silicate solution holding 976 g Na2O and 3115 g SiO2 (7.6 % and 24.2 %, a silica to soda ratio of 3.19 by weight; our arithmetic). Dilute it with water to 48 litres in a stirred kettle with a heating coil and thermometer, and heat to 95 °C.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Ingilazi yamanzi (isisombululo se-sodium silicate)Ingilazi yamanzi (isisombululo se-sodium silicate)12850 g
AmanziAmanzi1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-reactor yengcindeziI-reactor yengcindezi
IsigovuziIsigovuzi
IthemomithaIthemomitha
Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
2

Carbonate for an hour

Bubble in pure carbon dioxide fast enough to add the theoretical amount in about 30 minutes, and keep going at that rate for about 1 hour. The slurry ends at pH 9.85.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Igesi ye-carbon dioxideIgesi ye-carbon dioxide
I-reactor yengcindeziI-reactor yengcindezi
IsigovuziIsigovuzi
IthemomithaIthemomitha
Iphepha elikhombisa i-pHIphepha elikhombisa i-pH
3

Filter and wash

Filter the slurry and wash the cake twice with hot water.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmanziAmanzi1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)
Iphepha LokuhluzaIphepha Lokuhluza
4

Acidify to pH 6.75

Stir the cake back into water and bring it to pH 6.75 with 400 ml of 3.5 N hydrochloric acid.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmanziAmanzi1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-hydrochloric acidI-hydrochloric acid
Isitsha sengilaziIsitsha sengilazi
IsigovuziIsigovuzi
Iphepha elikhombisa i-pHIphepha elikhombisa i-pH
5

Wash out the chloride

Filter again and wash the cake with hot water until it is nearly free of chloride.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

AmanziAmanzi1 as required

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)I-funnel ye-Büchner (i-porcelain)
Iphepha LokuhluzaIphepha Lokuhluza
6

Dry at 105 °C and grind

Dry it at 105 °C in a fan oven and grind it to a fine powder. Allen's had a pH of 8.2, 0.61 % sodium and a surface area of 148 m² per gram.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ihhavini yokomisaIhhavini yokomisa
Isigqulo NomgquloIsigqulo Nomgqulo
Ijeke Lengilazi ElinesivaloIjeke Lengilazi Elinesivalo

Izinto

2

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

13

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Water Glass: Ground Flints Boiled in Caustic Soda Lye, Ure 1839

Water Glass: Ground Flints Boiled in Caustic Soda Lye, Ure 1839

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