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REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
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Ihumuswe
Ukwenza isitsha sesigubhu esomisiwe — Isitsha sokuqala somuntu
Isigubhu sebhodlela (Lagenaria siceraria) cishe kwakuyisitshalo sokuqala esafuywa ngabantu — hhayi ngenxa yokudla, kodwa ngenxa yesithelo saso esinegobolondo eliqinile elizenzakalela libe yisitsha esingangenwa ngamanzi futhi esihlala isikhathi eside uma somile. Izingcezu zesigubhu sebhodlela ezatholwa ngabavubukuli eNorte Chico ePeru zineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-13,000, futhi izifundo zofuzo zikhombisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwavela e-Afrika lwawela eMelika luthwalwa yimisinga yolwandle noma ngabantu basendulo ababehamba olwandle. Izigubhu zandulela izitsha zobumba ngezinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi zasetshenziswa njengamabhodlela amanzi, izitsha, izindebe zokukha, iziqukathi zokugcina, amahlwayi nezintanta zamanetha okudoba kuwo wonke amasiko ayenazo. Isigubhu sebhodlela sihlukile phakathi kwezitshalo: igobolondo laso liyoma libe yinto eqinile njengokhuni engangenwa ngamanzi, elula futhi eqinile kakhulu. Udonga lwesigubhu esomisiwe olujiyile ngo-3 kuya ku-5 mm lungaphatha amanzi, lumelane nokushayeka okulingene futhi luhlale iminyaka ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Ngaphakathi kunenhlanganisela yembewu nomgubo owomile okufanele ukhishwe. Ukomisa kwenzeka kuko kodwa — isigubhu senza umsebenzi omningi uma sesivunwe sivuthiwe. Lolu hlelo lufundisa ukuvuna, ukomisa, ukuhlanza nokulungisa izigubhu zebhodlela ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezitsha, kusukela emgodini kuya esitsheni esiqediwe.
Oqalayo
Amasonto angu-1-2
Imiyalelo
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Bona futhi ukhethe isigubhu esivuthiwe
Bona futhi ukhethe isigubhu esivuthiwe
Vuna isigubhu kuphela uma sesivuthwe ngokuphelele emgodini. Izimpawu zokuvuthwa: isiqu esixhuma isigubhu nomgodi sesibe nsundu futhi somile (isiqu esiluhlaza sisho ukuthi isigubhu sisakhula), igobolondo liqinile futhi liyamelana nokukleklwa ngozipho (uzipho akufanele lube nombobo ebusweni), futhi isigubhu sizwakala silula kunalokho okulindelekile ngobukhulu baso (umswakama wangaphakathi usuqalile ukwehla). Umbala wegobolondo uyashintsha usuka kokuluhlaza uye kokuphuzi noma kotshwala njengoba sivuthwa. Ukuqoqoda isigubhu esivuthiwe kukhipha umsindo ongenalutho ozwakalayo kunokuduma okubuthuntu. Ungalokothi uvune isigubhu esinesiqu esiluhlaza — sizoshwabana sibole kunokuba some kahle.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Iselwa elivuthiwe1 ucezu2
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Sika isigubhu emgodini
Sika isigubhu emgodini
Sika isiqu ngommese obukhali wetshe le-flint, ushiye u-5 kuya ku-8 cm wesiqu unamathele esigubhwini. Ungasidonsi noma usisonte — lokhu kungaqhekeza igobolondo entanyeni, kwakhe indawo ebuthakathaka engaqhekeka ngesikhathi sokomisa. Ingxenye yesiqu esele isebenza njengesibambo semvelo futhi ivale indawo yokuxhuma imithambo yesitshalo, ivimbe umswakama ukuthi ungene ngendawo esikiwe.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ummese Wetshe Lomlilo3
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Hlanza ingaphandle
Hlanza ingaphandle
Geza ingaphandle lesigubhu ngamanzi ahlanzekile ukuze ususe ukungcola, ubisi lwesitshalo nanoma yiziphi izinhlamvu zesikhunta ebusweni. Hlikihla kancane ngesandla sesihlabathi esimahhadlahhadla noma ngeqabunga elimahhadlahhadla ukuze ususe ungqimba lwangaphandle olunjengomhlaba wenyosi ngaphandle kokugwaza igobolondo. Ukususa lolu ngqimba kuvumela umswakama wangaphakathi ukuthi uphume ngezindonga zegobolondo ngesikhathi sokomisa. Ungasicwilisi isigubhu — ukugeza kancane kwanele.
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Lengisa isigubhu some emthunzini onomoya
Lengisa isigubhu some emthunzini onomoya
Bopha intambo esiqwini bese ulengisa isigubhu endaweni enomthunzi enomoya ophuma kahle — ngaphansi kwezihlahla, endlwaneni evulekile emaceleni, noma esigxotsheni esivundlile. Isigubhu akufanele sithinte phansi noma sincike entweni, ngoba umswakama ovaleleke endaweni yokuthinta ubangela ukubola okuthambile. Umthunzi ubalulekile: ilanga eliqondile lomisa ingaphandle ngokushesha kakhulu kanti ingaphakathi lisamanzi, okungabangela ukuqhekeka. Ukuhamba kahle komoya nhlangothi zonke kuyisihluthulelo. Ezindaweni ezomile, ukomisa kuthatha isonto elingu-1 kuya ku-2; ezindaweni ezinomswakama, amasonto angu-3 kuya ku-4 noma ngaphezulu.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Intambo1 ucezu5
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Qapha inqubo yokomisa
Qapha inqubo yokomisa
Hlola isigubhu njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2 kuya ku-3. Esontweni lokuqala, ingaphandle lingaba namabala esikhunta (uboya obumhlophe, obumpunga noma obuluhlaza) — lokhu kujwayelekile futhi akulimazi igobolondo. Sula isikhunta ngendwangu eyomile noma uhlikihle ngesihlabathi uma siba sikhulu. Isigubhu sizoba lula kancane kancane njengoba umswakama wangaphakathi uhwamuka ngezindonga zegobolondo. Isigubhu esomile ngokuphelele sinesisindo esiyingxenye encane yesisindo saso sisaluhlaza. Nyakazisa isigubhu ngezikhathi ezithile: uma uzwa imbewu eyomile ikhenceza ngaphakathi, ingaphakathi lomile.
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Hlola ukuthi somile ngokuphelele yini
Hlola ukuthi somile ngokuphelele yini
Isigubhu somile ngokuphelele uma: sizwakala silula kakhulu ngobukhulu baso, ukusinyakazisa kukhipha ukukhenceza okukhulu kwembewu eyomile ngaphakathi, igobolondo liqinile ngokulinganayo futhi lizwakala lingenalutho uma liqoqodwa, futhi ingaphandle seliguqukile lisuka kokuluhlaza noma okuphuzi laba nombala owodwa wotshwala, onsundu noma osaphuzi. Cindezela igobolondo ngamandla ngesithupha — igobolondo lesigubhu esomiswe kahle ngeke ligobe noma lingene. Uma noma iyiphi ingxenye yegobolondo izwakala ithambile noma injengesipontshi, qhubeka womisa elinye isonto.
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Sika umlomo
Sika umlomo
Nquma ukuthi uzosisebenzisela ini bese usika umlomo ngokufanele. Ebhodleleni lamanzi: sika imbobo encane eyindilinga (ububanzi obungu-3 kuya ku-4 cm) phezulu eduze kwesiqu, enkulu ngokwanele nje ukuthela amanzi nokuwakhipha. Esitsheni: sika isigubhu phakathi ngobude noma ngobubanzi. Endebeni yokukha: sika ingxenye yesithathu engenhla itshekile, ushiye intamo njengesibambo. Qala ngokuphawula umugqa wokusika ngokukleklisa kaningi ngensingo ye-flint, bese ujulisa uphawu ngokucophelela kuze kube yilapho insingo isika igobolondo. Sebenza kancane — igobolondo elomile liphuka kalula futhi lingaqhekeka uma liphoqwa. Noma usebenzise ibhola letshe noma insungulo yethambo eshisayo ukubhoboza imbobo yokuqala, bese uyikhulisa ngensingo ye-flint.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ummese Wetshe Lomlilo8
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Khipha imbewu nolwelwesi lwangaphakathi
Khipha imbewu nolwelwesi lwangaphakathi
Nyakazisa ukhiphe imbewu eyomile ekhululekile ngomlomo. Bese usebenzisa induku ende, ithuluzi lethambo eligobile noma ihlumela eligobekayo ukuze uphale ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi olomile (umgubo onjengesipontshi owawuzungeze imbewu) ezindongeni zangaphakathi. Uma umlomo umncane kakhulu ukuthi kungene isandla, gcwalisa isigubhu ngamanzi, usiyeke sicwile ihora elingu-1 kuya ku-2 ukuze umgubo owomile uthambe, bese unyakazisa uthele ngamandla ukuze uwukhiphe. Phinda kuze kube ingaphakathi lihlanzekile. Kumabhodlela amanzi, ingaphakathi elihlanzekile libalulekile — umgubo osele wenza amanzi abe nokunambitheka kwesikhunta.
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Bushelelezisa imiphetho esikiwe
Bushelelezisa imiphetho esikiwe
Unqenqema olusikiwe lwegobolondo lwesigubhu luzoba mahhadlahhadla futhi lungaba nezicucu ezincane noma imifantu esuka emgqeni wokusika. Bushelelezisa unqenqema ngokuluhlikihla ngokujikelezayo etsheni lesihlabathi. Lokhu kuvimbela unqenqema ukuthi luqhubeke luqhekeka futhi kwenza umlomo ube lula ukuphuzela kuwo uma isigubhu sisetshenziswa njengebhodlela lamanzi noma inkomishi. Bheka futhi ususe noma yimiphi imifantu emincane eqale emgqeni wokusika — uma umfantu usuqalile, ungakhula ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ipuleti Letshe Lesihlabathi10
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Vala ingaphakathi ukuze liphathe amanzi (akuphoqelekile)
Vala ingaphakathi ukuze liphathe amanzi (akuphoqelekile)
Igobolondo lesigubhu esomile ngokwemvelo liyamelana namanzi kodwa alivimbi amanzi ngokuphelele — amanzi azovuza kancane ngezindonga zegobolondo emahoreni amaningi. Ukuphatha amanzi isikhathi esifushane (amahora), isigubhu esingalungiswanga sanele. Ukugcina amanzi isikhathi eside noma ukwenza isigubhu singangenwa ngamanzi ngokuphelele, gcoba ingaphakathi nge-pitch yephayini encibilikisiwe noma ngomhlaba wezinyosi. Thela i-pitch yephayini eshisayo encane esigubhwini, uyijikelezise ukuze imboze ubuso bonke bangaphakathi, bese uthela okweqile uyiyeke iphole. Ungqimba oluncane lwe-pitch luvala izimbotshana ngokuphelele. Noma ugcwalise isigubhu ngamanzi kaningi — ngemva kokumanziswa kaningi, imicu yegobolondo ivuvuka kancane futhi ivimba amanzi ngokwengeziwe ngokwayo.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Iglu Yetiyela Lepayini1 ucezu11
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Namathisela intambo yokuthwala (akuphoqelekile)
Namathisela intambo yokuthwala (akuphoqelekile)
Ebhodleleni lamanzi, bopha intambo entanyeni encane yesigubhu ukuze wenze ibhande lokuthwala. Songa intambo izikhathi eziningana entanyeni emseleni noma emkhondweni, bese ubopha iluphu ende ngokwanele ukuze ilenge ehlombe noma ebhandeni. Ukuze kuvikeleke kakhulu, qopha umsele omncane uzungeze intamo ngensingo ye-flint ukuze intambo ingashelele. Ezinye izinhlobo zesigubhu sebhodlela zinentamo emincane ngokwemvelo ebamba intambo ngaphandle komsele.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Intambo1 ucezu12
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Yenza isivalo somlomo
Yenza isivalo somlomo
Qopha isivalo ocezwini lokhuni oluqinile oluluhlaza ukuze singene kahle emlonyeni wesigubhu. Baza isivalo sincipha kancane ukuze singene siqine embotsheni. Noma usonge inqwaba encane yotshani obomile noma ubulembu ocezwini lwesikhumba ukuze wenze isivalo esinjengekhokho. Isivalo esingena ngokuqinile sivimbela ukuchitheka ngesikhathi sokuthutha futhi sigcina izinambuzane nemfucumfucu ngaphandle kwamanzi noma ukudla okugciniwe. Ukuze kuvaleke kangcono, songa isivalo ocezwini oluncane lwesikhumba esingashukiwe — isikhumba sithatha umumo womlomo uma simanzi futhi sivale ngokuqinile.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ummese Wetshe LomliloIzinto
3- 1 ucezuIsibambeli
- 1 ucezuIsibambeli
- 1 ucezuIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
2- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
Izinto Zokwakha Ze-Blueprint Exhunyiwe
Le blueprint yenza
Ama-blueprint ahlobene
Lama-blueprint abelana ngolwazi — amasu, izinto noma izimiso
Folding a Birch Bark Container — Waterproof Vessel Without Adhesives
ngu-Woody
Umsebenzi Wokhuni
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0
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Waterproofing a Basket with Pine Pitch — Sealed Container for Liquids
ngu-Woody
Umsebenzi Wokhuni
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0
0
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Making a Leather Drawstring Pouch — Simple Gathered-Edge Container
ngu-Tex
Indwangu Nesikhumba
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CC0 Isizinda Somphakathi
Le blueprint ikhishwe ngaphansi kwe-CC0. Ukhululekile ukukopisha, ukuguqula, ukusabalalisa, nokusebenzisa ngaphandle kwemvume.
Sekela uMenzi ngokuthenga imikhiqizo nge-Blueprint yabo IKhomishane Yomenzi kumiswe ngabathengisi, noma dala inguqulo entsha yale Blueprint bese uyifaka njengoxhumaniso ku-Blueprint yakho ukuze wabelane ngemali engenayo.