UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Purified Copper Sulphate: Iron Thrown Down by Fresh Copper Carbonate, Then Recrystallised
Ordinary copper sulphate usually carries a little iron sulphate. The 1907 US Dispensatory gives the cure: add freshly precipitated copper carbonate, which throws the iron down as carbonate, then filter and crystallise. The pharmacopoeia salt had to be at least 99.5 % pure copper sulphate. Making the copper carbonate from part of the same solution, and drying below 30 °C, are our choices. The source gives no quantities, so none are given here.
The picture: a copper sulphate crystal (Crystal Titan, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0).
Ophakathi
Two to three days
Imiyalelo
1
1
Dissolve in boiling water
Dissolve in boiling water
Dissolve the copper sulphate in boiling distilled water: it takes about half its weight of boiling water (and about 2.2 times its weight of water at 25 °C).
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
I-copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O)1 as requiredAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Amanzi Acwengisisiwe
Ibhikha Le-borosilicate
Induku Yengilazi Yokugovuza
Ipuleti Elishisayo
Izibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabha2
2
Make fresh copper carbonate
Make fresh copper carbonate
Take a small part of the solution and stir in sodium carbonate solution: alkaline carbonates decompose copper sulphate and copper carbonate falls. Filter it and wash it with distilled water. Use it fresh.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
I-Sodium Carbonate (umlotha we-soda)Amanzi AcwengisisiweIbhikha Le-borosilicateInduku Yengilazi Yokugovuza
Ifanela Lengilazi Elinomlomo
Iphepha LokuhluzaIzibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliAmagilavu erabha3
3
Throw down the iron and filter
Throw down the iron and filter
Stir the fresh copper carbonate into the hot solution, in excess. The iron is deposited as carbonate. Filter the hot solution clear.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ibhikha Le-borosilicateInduku Yengilazi YokugovuzaIpuleti ElishisayoIfanela Lengilazi ElinomlomoIphepha LokuhluzaIzibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliAmagilavu erabha4
4
Crystallise and dry
Crystallise and dry
Evaporate the filtrate in a dish until crystals begin to form, then let it cool. Large, transparent, deep blue crystals grow. Drain them and dry them in the air below 30 °C: at 30 °C the salt starts to lose its water of crystallisation. It slowly loses water in dry air too, so keep it in stoppered bottles.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Ipuleti LokuhwamukaIpuleti Elishisayo
Amabhodlela engilazi anezivimboAmagilavu erabha5
5
Test for iron
Test for iron
Dissolve a crystal in water in a test tube and add ammonia water drop by drop. A pale blue precipitate forms and then dissolves in more ammonia to a deep azure-blue solution. Any iron is thrown down with it and does not dissolve again in the excess, so the solution should stay clear. A salt that turns green on the surface in air still contains iron.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Amathuba okuhlolaAmanzi Acwengisisiwe
Isixazululo se-ammonia - esincibilikisiweIzibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliAmagilavu erabhaIzinto
1- 1 as requiredIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
13- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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