Ukusebenzisana
UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with 0.2 % Bismuth Oxide, 1000 °C, 0.5 mm (Masuyama 1972)
A non-linear resistor: the current through it rises far faster than the voltage across it. Masuyama, Matsuoka and Nishi made one from zinc oxide with a little bismuth oxide: pressed into a disc, sintered, lapped, and given metal electrodes. With 0.2 mole % bismuth oxide, sintered at 1000 °C and lapped to 0.5 mm, the disc measured a C-value of 21 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 4.5.
Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 1. Unknown: what the silver paint is. The patent calls the spraying and the paint well known. The spraying is ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999). The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
1 day
Imiyalelo
1
1
Weigh 99.8 ZnO to 0.2 Bi2O3 and wet-mill 5 hours
Weigh 99.8 ZnO to 0.2 Bi2O3 and wet-mill 5 hours
Mix zinc oxide and bismuth oxide 99.8 : 0.2 by moles. Ours, for 10 g: 9.887 g zinc oxide and 0.113 g bismuth oxide (our arithmetic). Mill wet for 5 hours, then dry. Unknown: the milling liquid.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Impuphu Ye-Zinc Oxide9.887 g
I-bismuth oxide0.113 gAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isikali sesilinganiso
Umshini Wokugaya Ngamabhola Ensimbi
Ihhavini yokomisa2
2
Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm
Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm
Press the powder in a mould into discs 13 mm across and 2.5 mm thick at 340 kg/cm².
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Umshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic
Isikhunta sokucindezela idiski
I-Vernier Caliper3
3
Sinter 1 hour at 1000 °C and furnace-cool
Sinter 1 hour at 1000 °C and furnace-cool
Sinter the discs in air for 1 hour at 1000 °C, then let them cool in the furnace to room temperature (about 15-30 °C). Above 1200 °C the disc loses its nonlinearity.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando se-muffle4
4
Lap both faces to 0.5 mm
Lap both faces to 0.5 mm
Lap both faces with 600-mesh silicon carbide until the disc is 0.5 mm thick.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Amagcubu e-silicon carbideI-Vernier Caliper5
5
Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads
Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads
Spray a metallised film of aluminium on both faces. Attach a lead wire to each with conductive silver paint. Ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999): wire-arc spray the aluminium from two 3.2 mm wires melted by an 18-40 V DC arc and atomised by compressed air, 15-20 cm from the disc and never at less than 45°, in at least two coats at right angles of 50-75 µm each. Unknown: the paint.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Isigaxa se-aluminium1 as 3.2 mm spray wire
Upende wesiliva odlulisa ugesi1 as required
Ucingo Lwethusi2 izicucuAmathuluzi adingekayo:
I-Vernier Caliper
Isibhamu sokufafaza nge-arc yocingo
Umcindezeli womoya wezimboniIzinto
5- 9.887 gIsibambeli
- 0.113 gIsibambeli
- 1 as 3.2 mm spray wireIsibambeli
- 1 as requiredIsibambeli
- 2 izicucuIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
10- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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