Ukusebenzisana
UBUCIKO
UBUHLE NEMPILO
UBUCIKO BEZANDLA
AMASIKO NOMLANDO
EZOKUZIJABULISA
IMVELO
UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO
REVERSE ENGINEERING
IZAYENSI
EZEMIDLALO
UBUCHWEPHESHE
IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO
Metal Oxide Varistor: Zinc Oxide with Bismuth, Manganese and Titanium Oxides, 1350 °C (Masuyama 1972, Ex. 3)
Masuyama, Matsuoka and Nishi found that adding two more oxides to zinc oxide and bismuth oxide gives excellent non-linear properties. This is their Example 3 with manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide: 98.5 % zinc oxide and 0.5 % each of bismuth oxide, manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide by moles, sintered at 1350 °C. The disc measured a C-value of 58 at 1 mA and a nonlinearity exponent n of 12.1.
Source: T. Masuyama, M. Matsuoka and T. Nishi (Matsushita), US 3,663,458 (1972), Example 3. Unknown: what the silver paint is. The spraying is ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999). The 10 g batch is our arithmetic. Picture: the patent's drawing.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
1 day
Imiyalelo
1
1
Weigh 98.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 and wet-mill 5 hours
Weigh 98.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 and wet-mill 5 hours
Mix zinc oxide, bismuth oxide, manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide 98.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 : 0.5 by moles. Ours, for 10 g: 9.62 g zinc oxide, 0.28 g bismuth oxide, 0.052 g manganese dioxide, 0.048 g titanium dioxide (our arithmetic). Mill wet for 5 hours, then dry. Unknown: the milling liquid.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Impuphu Ye-Zinc Oxide9.62 g
I-bismuth oxide0.28 g
I-manganese dioxide (i-pyrolusite)0.052 g
I-titanium dioxide0.048 gAmathuluzi adingekayo:
Isikali sesilinganiso
Umshini Wokugaya Ngamabhola Ensimbi
Ihhavini yokomisa2
2
Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm
Press discs 13 mm by 2.5 mm
Press the powder in a mould into discs 13 mm across and 2.5 mm thick at 340 kg/cm², as in Example 1.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Umshini wokucindezela we-hydraulic
Isikhunta sokucindezela idiski
I-Vernier Caliper3
3
Sinter 1 hour at 1350 °C and furnace-cool
Sinter 1 hour at 1350 °C and furnace-cool
Sinter the discs in air at 1350 °C for 1 hour, then let them cool in the furnace to room temperature (about 15-30 °C).
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Isithando se-muffle4
4
Lap to 10 mm by 1.5 mm
Lap to 10 mm by 1.5 mm
Lap both faces with 600-mesh silicon carbide. The finished disc is 10 mm across and 1.5 mm thick.
Amathuluzi adingekayo:
Amagcubu e-silicon carbideI-Vernier Caliper5
5
Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads
Spray aluminium electrodes and attach leads
Spray a metallised film of aluminium on both faces. Attach a lead wire to each with conductive silver paint. Ours, after US Army Corps of Engineers EM 1110-2-3401 (1999): wire-arc spray the aluminium from two 3.2 mm wires melted by an 18-40 V DC arc and atomised by compressed air, 15-20 cm from the disc and never at less than 45°, in at least two coats at right angles of 50-75 µm each. Unknown: the paint.
Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:
Isigaxa se-aluminium1 as 3.2 mm spray wire
Upende wesiliva odlulisa ugesi1 as required
Ucingo Lwethusi2 izicucuAmathuluzi adingekayo:
I-Vernier Caliper
Isibhamu sokufafaza nge-arc yocingo
Umcindezeli womoya wezimboniIzinto
7- 9.62 gIsibambeli
- 0.28 gIsibambeli
- Isibambeli
- 0.048 gIsibambeli
- 1 as 3.2 mm spray wireIsibambeli
- 1 as requiredIsibambeli
- 2 izicucuIsibambeli
Amathuluzi Adingekayo
10- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
- Isibambeli
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