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Pinwheel Air-Tube Churn: A Beater Cut From One Tin Sheet, Tubes That Feed the Wave
Simeon F. Emerson, Canaan, Ohio · Public domain (expired patent)
YourGrandma

Criado por

YourGrandma

6. outubro 2026IS
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Pinwheel Air-Tube Churn: A Beater Cut From One Tin Sheet, Tubes That Feed the Wave

Emerson wanted a dasher "which unites simplicity with efficiency." Simeon F. Emerson of Canaan, Ohio, received US 7,236, dated 2 April 1850, for an atmospheric churn in a square box whose cover is in two pieces, one removable to inspect the cream. The beater is a squared sheet of tin plate "slit from each of the corners toward the center of the sheet for rather more than half the distance," every other corner turned in, on an upright spindle turned by a crank and wheel. "Inclined tubes, d, are secured to the sides of the churn tub; these incline forward, as they descend, in the direction in which the dasher is revolved." This rung works out the cuts, then makes the beater from stainless sheet with a printed template (or prints it), fits inclined tubes in a box, and makes butter.
Iniciante
About 2 hours, plus printing

Instruções

1

The cuts

A carregar o notebook Jupyter…
2

Air fed into the whirl before it

The embedded blueprint lets the whirl bring air into a cone. Emerson breaks the whirl with tubes on the walls that feed air into its wave.
3

Read US 7,236

"A squared sheet of tin plate or other metal is slit from each of the corners toward the center of the sheet for rather more than half the distance from the corner to the center. Every other one of the eight corners thus produced is turned inward toward the center of the sheet, and the four are united there thus forming a beater B, with four arms."
4

Make the beater

Print the template (/uploads/blueprints/pinwheel-air-tube-churn-sheet-template.stl), lay it on a 150 mm square of 0.5 mm stainless sheet, mark the four slits and the centre hole, and cut them with snips and a drill. Deburr, then bend every other point in toward the centre and rivet or bolt the four together through a hole, as he united them. Or print the finished pinwheel (/uploads/blueprints/pinwheel-air-tube-churn-printed-beater.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Materiais para este passo:

Chapa de aço inoxidável - 304Chapa de aço inoxidável - 3041 peça
Parafusos de máquinaParafusos de máquina1 peça
Porca sextavadaPorca sextavada1 peça
Filamento PETGFilamento PETG1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Tesoura de chapaTesoura de chapa
Rebarbador manualRebarbador manual
Berbequim sem fiosBerbequim sem fios
Jogo de brocasJogo de brocas
Impressora 3D de filamento (FDM)Impressora 3D de filamento (FDM)
5

Tubes on the sides

Print six tube clips (/uploads/blueprints/pinwheel-air-tube-churn-tube-clip.stl). Cut three 200 mm lengths of 16 mm food-grade tube and clip one to each of three sides of a food-safe square box, open at both ends, leaning about 18° forward as they go down in the direction the beater will turn.

Materiais para este passo:

Tubo de PVCTubo de PVC1 peça
Recipiente de armazenamento de grau alimentarRecipiente de armazenamento de grau alimentar1 peça
Parafuso para madeira n.º 8 x 1"Parafuso para madeira n.º 8 x 1"1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Serra de arco para metaisSerra de arco para metais
Conjunto de chaves de fendasConjunto de chaves de fendas
6

Spindle and crank

Fix the beater near the foot of a 10 mm square hardwood spindle and stand it in a seat drilled in the box's floor. Cut a two-piece plywood lid, one piece removable, with a hole for the spindle; glue a crank arm and handle on top.

Materiais para este passo:

Cavilhas de madeira duraCavilhas de madeira dura1 peça
Placa de contraplacadoPlaca de contraplacado1 peça
Cola de madeiraCola de madeira1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

SerroteSerrote
Serra de recortesSerra de recortes
Berbequim sem fiosBerbequim sem fios
7

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the box cut away to show the four-armed pinwheel beater on its spindle and the inclined air tubes on its sides.
Arquivo de designBLENDCC0 - Free
Descarregar modelo
8

Crank and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, below the tubes' tops. Crank steadily the way the tubes lean; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Passo 8 - Image 1

Materiais para este passo:

Natas para baterNatas para bater2000 ml
Sal marinho grossoSal marinho grosso1 peça
ÁguaÁgua1 peça

Ferramentas necessárias:

Termómetro de sonda permanenteTermómetro de sonda permanente
CronómetroCronómetro
Balança digital de cozinhaBalança digital de cozinha
Taça grande de aço inoxidávelTaça grande de aço inoxidável
9

Cream up the tubes, a beater that bends

Pinwheel air-tube churn troubleshooting.

Flow

Loading...
10

History and honest limits

**Simeon F. Emerson** of Canaan, Wayne County, Ohio, received US 7,236, dated 2 April 1850. The spindle was stepped in the tub's bottom and turned through a wheel and crank on the cover; the parts could be of "such materials as the manufacturer may deem best suited" for "efficiency, cheapness, and facility for cleaning." He claimed the combination of the dasher with the stationary inclined air channels on the churn tub. **Honest limits.** Stainless sheet stands in for his tin plate; our crank turns the spindle directly. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Materiais

13

Ferramentas necessárias

13

Ficheiros de design

1

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