Oblique-Shaft Basin-Lid Churn: A Slanting Agitator Between Brakes, a Lid That Holds Tempering Water

"The basin or reservoir lid is so arranged as to contain either hot or cold water which being circulated through the cream by the action of the agitator and brakes soon reduces the cream to the desired temperature."

Print the shaft lying on a flat face across the bed's diagonal, the agitator with supports, the hoop with its brakes, the basin floor down, the rim, three brakes for the lid and the crank. The shaft, rim and hoop need a 256 mm print bed. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Slide the agitator onto the triangular shaft to its middle and fix it with an M3 screw through the collar. Set the hoop in the bottom of the pot and stand the shaft's foot in the socket of its foot block, the shaft slanting across to the opposite side.

Screw the three brakes under the basin's floor with M4 screws. Set the basin in the rim and the rim on the pot, threading the shaft's top journal out through the chamber and the rim's bearing. Cut a strip of glass 72 by 34 mm and lay it over the chamber. Fix the crank on the shaft's triangular end with an M3 screw.

Pour in 2 litres of heavy cream, put the lid on and fill the basin with warm or cold water to bring the cream to about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Turn the crank steadily, timing it with the stopwatch, and watch through the glass. When the butter comes, lift the lid and the shaft out, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

**James Hatfield** of Falmouth, Fayette County, Indiana, and **Henry M. Goldsmith** of Burlington, Des Moines County, Iowa, US 20,878, 13 July 1858. Their vessel could be of any size or form, round and largest at the top preferred. They wrote that the belt and brakes lift out to wash and that the glass makes it needless to raise the lid to see the work. They claimed the basin lid with its glass slide, and the agitator with the wings L used with the brakes G and H. Our pot, sizes, printed parts and the brakes' shapes are ours. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.