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Bellows-and-Float Atmospheric Churn: Blasts of Air Through a Water-Jointed Pipe, a Float Gathers the Butter
P. S. Devlan (USPTO drawing) · Public domain
Buttercup

Imeundwa na

Buttercup

9. Novemba 2026IE
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Bellows-and-Float Atmospheric Churn: Blasts of Air Through a Water-Jointed Pipe, a Float Gathers the Butter

Patrick S. Devlan of Reading, Pennsylvania, received US 24,382, dated 14 June 1859, for a churn worked by blasts of air only. A bellows under the body, worked by a lever, blows up a pipe that opens inside a wider tube; the air goes down between them and out through a perforated disk across the bottom, so it is spread through the whole cream. The cream standing in the tube makes a water joint, so no valves are needed. A perforated float with projections rides up and down on the bubbling cream and gathers the butter as it forms. This rung builds it with a 20-litre bucket on legs and a bellows below.
Kati
About 1 day, plus printing

Maagizo

1

The water joint

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

Air drawn into the cream, before it

Wicks drew air in with turning funnels and a dasher. Devlan blows it in with a bellows and has no dasher at all.
3

Read US 24,382

"... this pipe or tube, C, is open at its upper end, but is entirely surrounded to within a short distance of its base by another tube D, of greater diameter which tube D, is connected at its base to the center of the convex perforated disk d."
4

Print the teat e

The hollow teat for the lid's middle, over tube D's top. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
5

Print the collar

The collar that seals tube D into the disk's middle. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
6

Stand and bellows

Cut three legs a from 44 mm square timber 650 mm long and set them 120 degrees apart round a 350 mm circle. Screw a plywood seat ring 400 mm across, with a 60 mm hole, between them 482 mm up to carry the bucket, a band 600 mm up round the bucket, and a plywood shelf 150 mm up for the bellows. Screw a bellows about 260 x 120 mm to the shelf.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Mbao laini za 70x70 mmMbao laini za 70x70 mm2 vipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika2 vipande
Parafujo za mbaoParafujo za mbao24 vipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
MivuoMivuo1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Tepi ya kupimiaTepi ya kupimia
7

Pipe C, tube D and disk d

Drill the middle of the bucket's floor 16.5 mm and seal a 16 mm stainless pipe C through it with silicone so it stands 400 mm up. Drill 24 holes of 4 mm in two rings in a stainless bowl about 260 mm across and a 32.5 mm hole in its middle, and stand it upside down on the floor round the pipe as disk d. Push a 32 mm stainless tube D 360 mm long through the printed collar into the bowl's middle hole, sealed with silicone, so it surrounds pipe C down to 56 mm above the floor. Run silicone tubing from the bellows' nozzle to pipe C's foot under the floor.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ndoo ya Lita 20Ndoo ya Lita 201 kipande
Bomba la chuma cha puaBomba la chuma cha pua2 vipande
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua1 kipande
Kizibo cha SilikoniKizibo cha Silikoni1 kipande
Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande
Bomba la SilikoniBomba la Silikoni1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya misumeno ya duaraSeti ya misumeno ya duara
Kikata bombaKikata bomba
Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)Tupa (Tupa ya Mkono)
8

Lid, float and lever

Cut a 45 mm hole in the middle of the bucket's lid and glue the teat e over it, with its cap f. Cut float G from 15 mm plywood, 250 mm across with a 48 mm hole for tube D and eight 22 mm holes, and glue 10 mm dowel pegs 25 mm long into both faces as the projections g. Bolt a hardwood lever b to the outside of one leg 360 mm up, running up beside the bucket to a handle c above the lid, and join it to the bellows' top board with a hardwood link.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Bati la mbao za kubandikaBati la mbao za kubandika1 kipande
Vijiti vya mbao ngumuVijiti vya mbao ngumu1 kipande
Ubao wa Mti MgumuUbao wa Mti Mgumu2 vipande
Mkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sitaMkusanyiko wa bolti za pembe sita3 vipande
Washa bapaWasha bapa6 vipande
Nati ya Kufungasha yenye NailoniNati ya Kufungasha yenye Nailoni3 vipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Seti ya misumeno ya duaraSeti ya misumeno ya duara
Msumeno wa KupindaMsumeno wa Kupinda
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)Sandarusi (karatasi ya kusugua)
Spana inayoweza kurekebishwaSpana inayoweza kurekebishwa
9

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the near half of the body cut away: the stand with its seat, band and shelf, the bellows and hose, pipe C inside tube D, the drilled bowl as disk d, the float with its pegs, the lid with its teat and cover, and the lever with its link.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
10

Churn

Fill the bucket about one third full: about 6.5 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Drop the float in over tube D and put the lid on. Work the lever steadily and time it: each stroke blows a burst of air up the pipe, down the tube and out through the bowl's holes. When the butter has gathered on the float, lift it out, pour off the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito6.5 l
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
11

Troubleshooting

Atmospheric churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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12

History and honest limits

**Patrick S. Devlan** of Reading, Berks County, Pennsylvania (the drawing spells it Devlen), US 24,382, 14 June 1859. Earlier blast churns, he wrote, blew the air in one place, needed valves and did not collect the butter; he claimed the float in a churn worked by blast only. His only quantity is "say one third full". His pipe C rises straight from the bellows and his disk d spans the floor; our hose, drilled bowl, pegs and every size are ours.

Vifaa

19

Zana Zinazohitajika

15

Faili za muundo

3

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