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Revolving-Drum Toothed-Bar Churn: The Churn Turns Round a Fixed Toothed Bar
George B. Clarke, Leonardsville, New York · Public domain (expired patent)
Karen

Imeundwa na

Karen

6. Oktoba 2026SE
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Revolving-Drum Toothed-Bar Churn: The Churn Turns Round a Fixed Toothed Bar

Clarke turned the churn itself and held the beater still. George B. Clarke of Leonardsville, New York, received US 8,373, dated 23 September 1851, for "Clarke's excelsior churn": a cylinder hung horizontally and revolving on fixed axles, with cleats inside, "either with or without projections," working between teeth on a stationary cross bar fixed to the axles a little off centre, to "break the circular motion of the milk and thereby cause it to be precipitated on the cylinder at the center." A stationary metal cylinder inside, fed warm or cold water through tubes in the hollow axles by a pump worked from the churn, tempers the milk; funnels in the axles let air in. This rung works out the speed limit, then prints the cleats, toothed bar and axle blocks, builds the drum on a frame, and makes butter.
Juu
About 6 hours, plus printing

Maagizo

1

How fast to turn

Inapakia daftari la Jupyter…
2

A churn that turns round still arms before it

The embedded blueprint spins a drum against arms held still by a hook. Clarke's drum turns slowly round a fixed toothed bar, and tempers the milk from inside.
3

Read US 8,373

"The nature of my invention consists in hanging the body of the churn horizontally and causing it to revolve on fixed or permanent axles through which at either end are branch tubes connected to a stationary cylinder within the body serving (if required) by the passage of warm or cold fluid through them, to temper the milk."
4

Print the parts

Print four cleats with pins, the toothed cross bar and two axle blocks. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Uzi wa PETGUzi wa PETG1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)Printa ya 3D ya nyuzi (FDM)
5

Print the cleat

The cleat, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
6

Print the toothed cross bar

The toothed cross bar, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
7

Print the axle block

The axle block, printed as step 4 describes.
Faili ya UsanifuSTLCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
8

The drum

Use a round food-grade container about 200 mm across as the drum. Screw the cleats inside, lengthwise, at equal spacing. Cut a hinged door in its side as his lid E. Drill both ends at the centre for 25 mm hollow axles of food-grade pipe, sealed to turn in leather washers, so the drum turns on them.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Chombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakulaChombo cha kuhifadhi cha daraja la chakula1 kipande
Bomba la PVCBomba la PVC1 kipande
Ukanda wa ngoziUkanda wa ngozi1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 11 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Seti ya misumeno ya duaraSeti ya misumeno ya duara
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Msumeno wa kukata mikunjoMsumeno wa kukata mikunjo
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
9

Bar, frame and drive

Fix the axles in the axle blocks on a pine frame so they do not turn. Fix the toothed bar to the axles inside the drum with two pine arms, a little to one side of the centre, teeth toward the cleats' pins. Wrap a belt round the drum and turn it by a crank and pulley, or turn the drum by hand. Optionally fit a sealed can between the axles as a tempering cylinder fed through one axle.

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Ubao wa msonobariUbao wa msonobari1 kipande
Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 1Skrubu ya mti #8 x inchi 11 kipande
Gundi ya MbaoGundi ya Mbao1 kipande
Bomba la PVCBomba la PVC1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Msumeno wa mkonoMsumeno wa mkono
Kekee cha BetriKekee cha Betri
Seti ya vichimbuziSeti ya vichimbuzi
Seti ya bisibisiSeti ya bisibisi
10

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the drum cut away to show the cleats with pins, the stationary toothed bar a little off centre, the tempering cylinder between the axles, the frame and the drive ring.
Faili ya UsanifuBLENDCC0 - Free
Pakua modeli
11

Turn the drum and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, a third to two thirds full as he said, and close the door. Turn the drum steadily below the notebook's speed; time until the butter comes. Take the butter out through the door. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Hatua 11 - Image 1

Vifaa kwa hatua hii:

Malai nzitoMalai nzito2000 ml
Chumvi ya Bahari MbichiChumvi ya Bahari Mbichi1 kipande
MajiMaji1 kipande

Zana zinazohitajika:

Kipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndaniKipima joto chenye kijiti kinachobaki ndani
Saa ya kupima mudaSaa ya kupima muda
Mizani ya dijitali ya jikoniMizani ya dijitali ya jikoni
Bakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha puaBakuli kubwa la kuchanganyia la chuma cha pua
12

Pins that strike, a door that leaks

Revolving-drum toothed-bar troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

**George B. Clarke** of Leonardsville, Brookfield, Madison County, New York, received US 8,373, dated 23 September 1851. The drum was driven by a belt round a pulley on one end, or round its hoops, so one churn could drive others; the cross bar had a joint at its centre so it could be doubled and put in or taken out through the lid. He claimed the revolving vessel with cleats working with a stationary cross bar, and the tempering cylinder and tubes in combination with them. **Honest limits.** We leave out his pump; a container, pipe and printed parts stand in for his. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.

Vifaa

10

Zana Zinazohitajika

11

Faili za muundo

4

Mchoro huu unatengeneza

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Blueprint zinazohusiana

Blueprint hizi zinashiriki maarifa — mbinu, vifaa au kanuni

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