Water-Dasher Adjustable-Rib Churn: A Hollow Dasher Holds Tempering Water, Ribs Weave the Surface

"The dasher revolves in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 4; and its motion causes the cream to strike against the abrupt faces of the wings. The cream is then drawn up over said wings, and down through the apertures i, i, by the partial vacuum created beneath the plates g, g."

Print the dasher with 4 walls so its cylinder holds water, and the rib hoop. Check the dasher for leaks. Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Glue a 20 mm food-grade pipe into the dasher's socket as the hollow shaft, long enough to stand above the lid. Stand the dasher's pivot in a shallow hole in a scrap of lid laid in the bottom of a round food-grade container about 190 mm across.

Spring the rib hoop into the container so the ribs' ends sit a little below where the cream will stand. Fix half the lid with a hole for the pipe and clamp a pine crank arm and handle on the pipe's top.

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres and set the ribs. Pour lukewarm or cold water down the shaft into the dasher to bring the cream to about 15 °C. Crank steadily in the direction the wings' abrupt faces lead; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

**James Vandolah and Elias Curry** of Dillsborough, Dearborn County, Indiana, US 18,937, 22 December 1857, signed 17 September 1857; the drawing sheets read "Curry & Vandolah." They wrote that butter "is almost invariably produced in from one minute to three minutes" at the right temperature; that is their claim. They claimed the dasher's construction and the adjustable, removable ribs. A crank stands in for their winch and bevel gearing; printed parts and a container for the rest. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.