Seli ya Plombo-Aside ya Planté

Buri seli mbere ya 1859 yagendaga mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa. Wayirangizaga imbaraga maze zinki ikaba yarangiye; ubusanure bwonyine bwari ukugura icyuma gishya. Mu 1859 Gaston Planté yazingiye impapuro ebyiri za plombo zitandukanyijwe n'utuzingo twa kawusu mu buryo bw'urukurikirane ruzengurutse, azishyira muri aside sulufuriki icye, maze asanga ashobora gusubiza inyuma ihinduka akoresheje amashanyarazi hanyuma agasubiza kubona ingufu. Yabimenyesheje Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi ry'Ubufaransa mu 1860. Shimi muri iki kibazo iragaragara ku buryo budasanzwe. Iyo yuzuye, seli ni dioxyde ya plombo ihanganye na plombo isa n'isponji muri aside; iyo irangiye, amabati yombi aba ari ikintu kimwe, sulufate ya plombo, kandi igice kinini cya aside kiba cyahindutse amazi. Icyo gice cya nyuma ni impanuka ifite akamaro: elegitoroliti ni ikigira uruhare mu ihinduka, si umureberezi, bityo ubucucike bw'amazi bugaragaza uko seli yuzuye. Akantu karembera n'urutoki rw'ikirahuri ni ikigereranyo cya lisansi, kandi nta yindi seli isanzwe itanga ibyo. Icyo Planté yatanze ni igihe. Ntiyakoraga amabati — yakoraga impapuro za plombo hanyuma akayakoramo amabati, ayuzuza akayarangiza kenshi na kenshi kugeza ubuso buhindutse cyane bihagije ngo bufate ingufu zifite akamaro. Gushyiraho byatwaraga ibyumweru kugeza amezi, ni yo mpamvu plombo-aside yabayeho imyaka makumyabiri n'ibiri mbere y'uko hagira uwayigurisha. Icyo kibazo kimwe ni cyo kiganiro cyose cy'igishushanyo gikurikira muri uru rukurikirane. Ntiyigeze abisaba uburenganzira bw'umuhanzi. Seli itangiza hafi buri modoka ku isi yinjiye mu isi nk'urupapuro rwasomwe imbere y'ishuri rikuru ry'ubumenyi.