Stationary-Wheel Dasher Churn: A Revolving Wheel Drives the Cream Through a Fixed Perforated One

"The motion naturally given to the cream by this action brings it in contact with the stationary wheel C, Figs. 3 and 4, over and through the orifices of which it passes and is broken, again to be moved by the dasher."

Print the revolving wheel (/uploads/blueprints/stationary-wheel-dasher-churn-revolving-wheel.stl) and the stationary wheel (/uploads/blueprints/stationary-wheel-dasher-churn-stationary-wheel.stl). Print in PLA at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

Jordan's churn stood upright, its crank entering through the side, so his two wheels stood upright across it (Figs. 1 and 3). We lay ours on its side so a small batch of cream reaches the wheels; the same parts then lie flat. Lay a round food-grade container about 170 mm across on its side in a pine cradle, with a door in one end. Slide a pine lath along the inside of its wall at the level of its axis as the gearing bar K, and pin the stationary wheel to it so the wheel lies flat across the middle of the churn.

Run a 10 mm square hardwood shaft down through the top of the churn's side, as his crank enters, and freely through the stationary wheel's hole; fix the revolving wheel on it just above the stationary one, and glue a crank outside.

US 19,782 drawing sheet, public domain (expired patent).

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. If the cream is cold, stand the churn in a basin of lukewarm water rather than over heat. Pour in 1.5 litres and crank either way; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

**John A. Jordan** of Shelbyville, Bedford County, Tennessee, US 19,782, 30 March 1858. His churn sat in a metal casing that formed the top of a small stove with a smoke pipe; he claimed the revolving and stationary wheels with the churn's bottom fitted to a stove casing. We leave out the stove and use a water bath: PLA softens with heat. A container and printed wheels stand in for his. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn.