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Hung-Dasher Churn: The Dasher Hangs in a Long Hinged Journal Box Above the Lid, No Step in the Tub
Jehu Mitchell · Public domain
Buttercup

Created by

Buttercup

11. November 2026IE
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Hung-Dasher Churn: The Dasher Hangs in a Long Hinged Journal Box Above the Lid, No Step in the Tub

Jehu Mitchell of Aleppo township, Pennsylvania, received US 27,927, dated 17 April 1860, for a churn. The dasher hangs from above in a long journal box on a standard fixed to the lid, with no step or metal bearing in the tub, whose "oxidation ... imparts a bad flavor to the butter". One half of the box is a cap hinged at one side: lift out half the lid, unhook the cap and the dasher comes out with the gearing left in place. The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Intermediate
About 2 days, plus printing

Instructions

1

Held from above

Loading Jupyter Notebook...
2

A crank-turned upright dasher, one week before

Lynch's shaft stands in a step on the bottom. Mitchell hangs his from above, with nothing in the tub.
3

Read US 27,927

"Suspending the dasher within an elongated hinged journal box in the manner described, combined the following advantages. A rigid bearing is afforded to the dasher so as to prevent any tremulous motion, without the necessity of any metallic step or bearing within the churn, the oxidation of which imparts a bad flavor to the butter."
4

Print the driving wheel E

Crown wheel, 36 teeth on its face, module 2, with a hub; bored 12.4 mm. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
Design FileSTLCC0 - Free
Download Model
5

Print the pinion M

Spur pinion, 12 teeth, module 2, with a hub; bored 12.4 mm. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
Design FileSTLCC0 - Free
Download Model
6

Lid B and C, brakes O

Cut a hardwood lid 15 mm thick to sit on the bucket's rim and saw it in two across the middle: part C carries the standard, part B lifts out. Cut a 28 mm half-hole in the middle of the cut edge for the shaft and a 30 mm hole in B to look in. Screw three hardwood brakes O, 30 mm deep and 245 tall, to the bucket's side a third of a turn apart, and seal the screw holes outside with silicone.

Materials for this step:

20-Liter Bucket20-Liter Bucket1 piece
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board2 pieces
Wood ScrewsWood Screws6 pieces
Silicone SealantSilicone Sealant1 piece

Tools needed:

JigsawJigsaw
Table SawTable Saw
Spade Bit SetSpade Bit Set
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
Tape MeasureTape Measure
7

Standard D, journal box and cap G

Glue up a hardwood standard 60 mm wide and 66 deep, 111 mm tall above the lid, with its back 22 mm rising to 217 mm and bored 12.6 mm across near the top for the wheel's axle. Mortise it into lid part C behind the shaft's hole. Cut a cap G 60 x 30 mm, 111 tall, and bore a 25.2 mm hole down the joint between standard and cap, half in each. Hang the cap on a butt hinge at one side and fit a hook H and eye I on the other.

Materials for this step:

Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece
Cabinet Butt HingeCabinet Butt Hinge1 piece
Hook and EyeHook and Eye1 piece
Wood ScrewsWood Screws4 pieces

Tools needed:

Table SawTable Saw
Chisel Set - WoodChisel Set - Wood
Bar ClampBar Clamp
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Spade Bit SetSpade Bit Set
Screwdriver SetScrewdriver Set
8

Dasher J with wings N and collars K and L

Cut a 25 mm hardwood dowel 485 mm long and glue a 12 mm stainless spindle into its top, standing 56 mm out. Glue two hardwood wings 200 x 60 x 20 mm across it, 20 and 140 mm above its foot, each bored with two 24 mm holes. Fit a hardwood collar L 44 mm across just below the lid, and a collar K 40 mm across on the spindle resting on the box's top. Set the shaft in the box, close the cap, and key the pinion M on the spindle above K.

Materials for this step:

Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels2 pieces
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece
Stainless Steel RodStainless Steel Rod1 piece
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece
Hardwood BlockHardwood Block1 piece
Shaft CollarShaft Collar1 piece
PETG FilamentPETG Filament1 piece

Tools needed:

FDM 3D PrinterFDM 3D Printer
Table SawTable Saw
Spade Bit SetSpade Bit Set
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
HacksawHacksaw
Files (Hand File)Files (Hand File)
SandpaperSandpaper
9

Driving wheel E and crank

Pass a 12 mm stainless axle through the standard's back, fit the wheel E on it meshing the pinion, and a hardwood crank with a dowel handle on the other end; hold it with a collar and split pin.

Materials for this step:

Stainless Steel RodStainless Steel Rod1 piece
Hardwood BoardHardwood Board1 piece
Hardwood DowelsHardwood Dowels1 piece
Wood GlueWood Glue1 piece
Shaft CollarShaft Collar1 piece
Split PinSplit Pin1 piece

Tools needed:

HacksawHacksaw
Files (Hand File)Files (Hand File)
Cordless DrillCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Bench ViseBench Vise
10

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, the bucket cut open: the dasher J with its two wings hanging from the journal box, the brakes O, the lid, the standard D with its hinged cap G, hook and eye, and the wheel E with pinion M.
Design FileBLENDCC0 - Free
Download Model
11

Churn

Pour about 8 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, into the bucket, set the lid and dasher in place, and turn the crank steadily, timing it. To look at the butter, lift out lid part B. When the butter comes, lift part B out, unhook the cap and take the dasher out, take out the butter, pour the buttermilk into a bowl, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.

Materials for this step:

Heavy CreamHeavy Cream8 l
Coarse Sea SaltCoarse Sea Salt1 piece
WaterWater1 piece

Tools needed:

Leave-In Probe ThermometerLeave-In Probe Thermometer
StopwatchStopwatch
Digital Kitchen ScaleDigital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)
12

Troubleshooting

Hung-dasher churn troubleshooting.

Flow

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13

History and honest limits

**Jehu Mitchell** of Aleppo township, Greene County, Pennsylvania, US 27,927, 17 April 1860, "Churn". He did not claim a churn without a bottom step nor a hinged bearing alone, but the gearing, standard, hinged cap, dasher and collar together. His journal box runs higher; ours stops below the crown wheel. His wings and brakes are "of common construction"; our two wings and three brakes, and every size, are ours.

Materials

16

Tools Required

18

Design Files

3

This blueprint makes

Thumbnail
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Butter

Free

198
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1
Thumbnail
Placeholder

Buttermilk

Free

72
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