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Orbiting Churn With Rod Rack: The Churn Circles Without Turning, Rods Break the Current
Maxwell moved the whole churn, but not round its own axis.
Rufus Maxwell of Lewis County, Virginia, received US 9,218, dated 24 August 1852, for a churn fastened in a frame hung by a hook and staple inside a supporting frame, with a crank connecting the two "so that the center of the bottom of the churn may revolve about a circle, (five or six inches in diameter)." This makes the milk flow round; a rack of parallel rods half an inch apart on a bow of "tough elastic wood" pressing against the sides breaks the current. He claimed forcing the milk through a rack "by revolving the churn in an orbit, without turning it on axis."
This rung works out the bottom's speed, then prints the rod holders and orbit crank, builds the frame and rack, and makes butter.
Intermediate
About 4 hours, plus printing
Instructions
1
1
The orbit
The orbit
Loading Jupyter Notebook...
2
2
A churn that moves as a whole, with a grate inside, before it
A churn that moves as a whole, with a grate inside, before it
The embedded blueprint rocks a barrel through a grate. Maxwell circles his churn so the milk flows round through a rack of rods.
3
3
Read US 9,218
Read US 9,218
"This rack consists of a piece of tough elastic wood, bent as represented at Fig. 2, so that it will press against the sides of the churn, thus holding the rack in a stationary position, (with respect to the churn)."
4
4
Print the parts
Print the parts
Print four rod holders (/uploads/blueprints/orbiting-churn-with-rod-rack-rod-holder.stl), the blocks n, and the orbit crank (/uploads/blueprints/orbiting-churn-with-rod-rack-orbit-crank.stl), whose pin is 70 mm off centre for a 5½ in circle. Print in PLA at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Materials for this step:
PLA Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer5
5
The rack
The rack
Bend a strip of thin steam-bent hardwood or spring steel into a U that springs against the inside of a tapered food-grade bucket. Screw the rod holders to its two legs and push 6 mm hardwood dowels through them, 12–13 mm apart as his, across the bucket.
Materials for this step:
Spring Steel Strip1 piece
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
#8 x 1" Wood Screw1 piece
20-Liter Bucket1 pieceTools needed:
Hand Saw
Cordless Drill
Screwdriver Set6
6
Frames and crank
Frames and crank
Fasten the bucket in a pine frame and hang that frame from a hook in a larger supporting frame. Mount the orbit crank on a post under the bucket so its pin sits in a socket at the centre of the bucket's bottom, and run the hanging frame's top up through a guide as the handle. Turning the crank carries the bottom round without turning the bucket.
Materials for this step:
Pine Board1 piece
Mild Steel Rod1 piece#8 x 1" Wood Screw1 pieceHardwood Dowels1 pieceTools needed:
Hand SawCordless Drill
Drill Bit SetScrewdriver Set7
7
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the tapered churn cut away to show the bow and its parallel rods, the hanging frame and handle above, and the orbit crank under the bottom.
8
8
Orbit and make butter
Orbit and make butter
Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 3 litres. Turn the crank so the bottom circles steadily; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream3000 ml
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)9
9
A rack that slips, a churn that turns
A rack that slips, a churn that turns
Orbiting churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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10
10
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Rufus Maxwell** of Lewis County, Virginia (the drawing reads Weston), received US 9,218, dated 24 August 1852. Four pins in the bow at n, n carry the rods, bored through them. He claimed forcing the milk through a rack by revolving the churn in an orbit without turning it on its axis, and the bow and rods connected together.
**Honest limits.** A bucket, pine frames and printed parts stand in for his. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.
Materials
10- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 2 piecesPlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 3000 mlPlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
- 1 piecePlaceholder
Tools Required
9- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- 1 vendor sell this, none ship to you yetPlaceholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
- Placeholder
Design Files
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CC0 Public Domain
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