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Spiral-Wing Spheroid Churn: A Ball Dasher on Balls Turns Freely on Its Rod, Its Spiral Wings Spinning It Each Stroke
Otis W. Stanford of Cincinnati received US 28,696, dated 12 June 1860, for a churn. On the foot of an ordinary up-and-down dash rod he hangs a round or egg-shaped wooden dasher that turns freely on balls, with spiral wings nearly touching the tub's sides. As the rod is worked, the cream spins the dasher one way then the other; the cream is squeezed between the wings and the wall, and air trapped under the round body is carried into it.
The patent gives no sizes; every size here is ours.
Intermediate
About 1 day, plus printing
Instructions
1
1
How far the dasher turns each stroke
How far the dasher turns each stroke
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2
A dash that turns as it is driven, one week before
A dash that turns as it is driven, one week before
Ross's pitched blades turn the dash and handle on a swivel. Stanford's spiral wings turn the dasher alone, on balls.
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3
Read US 28,696
Read US 28,696
"The rod C being reciprocated, as in the common churn, the inertia of the fluid acts to swiftly rotate the dasher in successively opposite directions and this reacting upon the liquid imparts to the latter a quick succession of opposite vertical movements resulting in violent agitation."
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4
Print the dasher's upper half
Print the dasher's upper half
Upper half of the spheroid, 150 mm across and 80 tall, with the upper halves of three spiral wings reaching 116 mm; bored 12.8 mm with a 32 mm recess for the upper ring of balls. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls.
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5
Print the dasher's lower half
Print the dasher's lower half
Lower half, printed upside down, with the lower halves of the wings and the recess for the lower ring of balls. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls.
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6
Lid B with boss b
Lid B with boss b
Turn a hardwood lid to fit the bucket's rim, 20 mm thick, with a boss 60 mm across and 140 mm tall in the middle, bored 26 mm through as the guide for the rod.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board1 piece
Wood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Wood Lathe
Spade Bit Set
Cordless Drill
Sandpaper7
7
Rod C, dasher D, balls G, screw E and washer F
Rod C, dasher D, balls G, screw E and washer F
Cut a 25 mm hardwood rod 500 mm long and glue a 12 mm stainless spindle 170 mm long into its foot. Glue the two printed halves together with the wings lined up. Slide on a ring of 6 mm stainless balls in the upper recess, the dasher, and a second ring in the lower recess, and hold them with a stainless washer and a machine screw into the spindle's end. The dasher must spin freely.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
Stainless Steel Rod1 pieceWood Glue1 piece
Ball Bearings20 pieces
Machine Screws1 piece
PETG Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer
Hacksaw
Files (Hand File)Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Screwdriver Set8
8
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, the bucket and lid cut open: the rod through the boss, the spheroid dasher with its three spiral wings on its two rings of balls, held by the washer.
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9
Churn
Churn
Pour about 6 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer, into the bucket, set the dasher in and put on the lid over the rod. Work the rod up and down about 150 mm, steadily, timing it; the dasher turns one way and back. When the butter comes, lift the lid and dasher out, take out the butter, pour the buttermilk into a bowl, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, salt and weigh it.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream6 l
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 piece
20-Liter Bucket1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)10
10
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Spiral-wing dasher churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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11
History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Otis W. Stanford** of Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, US 28,696, 12 June 1860, "Churn". He claimed the upright tub with the reciprocating rod, the spheroidal dasher and spiral wings fitting the tub. His dasher is wooden; ours is printed in two halves, and the wings' number, twist and every size are ours.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
3This blueprint makes
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CC0 Public Domain
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