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Whirl-Frame Air Dasher Churn: Free Wheels Spun by the Milk Inside a Revolving Frame
Routzahn put free-turning wheels inside his dasher so the milk itself would spin them.
Nathaniel Routzahn of Middletown, Maryland, received US 7,199, dated 19 March 1850, for a churn-dasher of two L-shaped tubes of triangular section, running from near the cover down and in to the spindle, their horizontal arms perforated "through which air enters the milk during the revolution of the dasher." Between each upright arm and the axis, standards carry "whirls B, or wheels having inclined spokes," free to turn in planes through the axis. A bevel wheel and pinion turn the dasher fast, and "the friction thus produced by the whirls greatly facilitates the separation of the butter."
This rung estimates how the whirls spin, then prints the hollow frame and two whirls, fits them in a bucket, and makes butter.
Intermediate
About 4 hours, plus printing
Instructions
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How the whirls spin
How the whirls spin
Loading Jupyter Notebook...
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Beaters that turn on their own axes before it
Beaters that turn on their own axes before it
The embedded blueprint gears its rollers to a fixed wheel. Routzahn's whirls have no gearing: the milk spins them.
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Read US 7,199
Read US 7,199
"The dasher thus receives a rapid rotating motion, and the whirls in passing through the milk are rapidly turned by its pressure upon the inclined faces of their arms which reacting upon the milk through which they pass, subdivides the whole mass and puts it in violent agitation, during which air is supplied through the outer tubes."
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Print the parts
Print the parts
Print the frame flat on its side in one piece with supports (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-frame.stl): two hollow triangular L-tubes, perforated along their horizontal arms and open at the top, the top bar, and standards for the whirls. Print two whirls (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-whirl.stl) and the crank arm (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-crank-arm.stl). Print in PLA at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.
Materials for this step:
PLA Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer5
5
Hang the whirls
Hang the whirls
Set each whirl between its standards and pass a 3 mm stainless rod through the standards and the whirl's hub as its axle; it must spin freely. Blow through each tube's top to check the arm holes are clear.
Materials for this step:
Mild Steel Rod1 pieceTools needed:
Hacksaw
Sandpaper6
6
Spindle and crank
Spindle and crank
Pass a 10 mm square hardwood spindle through the frame's hubs and glue it. Stand it in a seat drilled in the centre of a food-grade bucket's floor, through a plywood lid, and glue the crank arm and a dowel handle on top. Keep the tubes' open tops above the cream.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
20-Liter Bucket1 piece
Plywood Sheet1 piece
Wood Glue1 pieceTools needed:
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Hand Saw7
7
The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the bucket cut away to show the frame of two triangular L-tubes on the spindle, their perforated horizontal arms, and a free whirl on its axle between standards in each half.
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Crank and make butter
Crank and make butter
Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, below the tubes' open tops. Crank steadily and watch the whirls spin; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream2000 ml
Coarse Sea Salt1 piece
Water1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)9
9
Whirls that won't spin, cream in the tubes
Whirls that won't spin, cream in the tubes
Whirl-frame air dasher troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Nathaniel Routzahn** of Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, received US 7,199, dated 19 March 1850. He did not limit himself to the bevel wheel and pinion: "a belt running on pulleys, or an ordinary cog wheel and pinion can be used for the same purpose." He claimed the combination of the whirls with the revolving frame dasher.
**Honest limits.** Our crank turns the spindle directly, without his bevel gearing, so the frame and whirls turn slower; printed parts and a bucket stand in for his. The notebook gives an upper bound. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
1Related Blueprints
These blueprints share knowledge with this one — techniques, materials, or principles that connect them in the learning graph.
Self-Turning Roller Churn: Fluted Rollers Spun by a Fixed Wheel as the Dasher Turns
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FOOD & DRINKS
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Spiral-Float Air-Arm Churn: A Perforated Screw Over a Breathing Wedge
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Double-Motion Dasher Churn: One Crank Spins One Dasher and Plunges the Other
by Emma
FOOD & DRINKS
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0
CC0 Public Domain
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