Ubuciko Bokubhala BamaGothic — Textura Quadrata

ITextura Quadrata isebenzisa izilinganiso eziqinile ezisekelwe ebubanzini bomlomo wepeni. Ngomlomo we-2 mm: ukuphakama kwe-x kungububanzi bomlomo obu-5 (10 mm) — phendulela umlomo eceleni bese upakisha izikwele ezi-5 ezingangobubanzi bomlomo phezu kwesinye ukuze ukulinganise ngqo. Izingxenye ezinyukayo nezehlayo zezinhlamvu zimfushane kuTextura — ububanzi bomlomo obu-2-3 kuphela ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kokuphakama kwe-x (hhayi izelulo ezinde zombhalo we-italic). Dweba umugqa wesisekelo, umugqa ophakathi (ububanzi bomlomo obu-5 phezulu), umugqa wezingxenye ezinyukayo (ububanzi bomlomo obu-2-3 ngaphezu komugqa ophakathi) nomugqa wezingxenye ezehlayo (ububanzi bomlomo obu-2-3 ngaphansi komugqa wesisekelo). Shiya isikhala esincane phakathi kwemigqa ebhaliwe, ukuze izingxenye ezehlayo zomugqa owodwa cishe zithinte izingxenye ezinyukayo zomugqa olandelayo — iTextura ingumbhalo ominyene nocindezelekile. Abanye ababhali bobuciko badweba nemigqa emile elula ukuze imigqa yezinhlamvu ihlale imile; isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kwemigqa emibili kufanele cishe silingane nobubanzi bomugqa owodwa (bheka isinyathelo 4).

Bamba ipeni elinomlomo obanzi cishe ngo-degree engu-40 ukuya emugqeni wesisekelo — i-engeli ethambeke kancane kunama-degree angu-45 asetshenziswa othisha abaningi ku-italic yenza imigqa emile ibe mikhulu kancane futhi imigqa evundlile ibe mincane, lokho kunezela ekubukekeni kweTextura okuminyene nokusindayo. I-engeli efanayo igcinwa kuwo wonke umugqa, kuhlanganise nezinqamulo zedayimane. Ngokungafani nobuciko bokubhala be-italic lapho izimo zezinhlamvu zihluka kakhulu, iTextura ibuswa ukuphindaphindwa kwemigqa emile ecishe ifane — isiyalo sokugcina i-engeli yepeni ingaguquki nhlobo sibaluleke ngaphezu kwakho konke. Zijwayeze imigqa emile ehambisanayo: ngamunye kufanele ufane ncamashi nowandulelayo ngobubanzi nango-engeli.

Isinqamulo sedayimane siyisici esiphawulekayo seTextura Quadrata (igama elithi "quadrata" lisho lezi ziphetho ezimise okwedayimane, okuyizikwele ezime phezu kwekhona lazo). Idayimane alidingi ukushintsha i-engeli yepeni: umlomo usendaweni yakho ye-engeli, umugqa omfushane oya phansi nakwesokudla, ongangobubanzi bomlomo uqobo, ushiya isikwele esime phezu kwekhona laso. Ukwenza idayimane lokuqala: emugqeni ophakathi yenza lowo mugqa omfushane otshekile, bese udonsela phansi uqonde ngaphandle kokuphakamisa ipeni. Ukuze wenze idayimane lokugcina emugqeni wesisekelo: qeda umugqa owehlayo bese uwuphetha ngomugqa ofanayo omfushane oya phansi nakwesokudla, wakhe unyawo lwedayimane oluhambisanayo. KuTextura esemthethweni kakhulu, lawa madayimane achazwa ngokunembile — ngalinye kufanele libe yidayimane elihlanzekile elinamakhona abukhali. Zijwayeze imigqa yemigqa eyodwa enamadayimane okuqala nawokugcina kuze kube yilapho wonke amadayimane elingana ngobukhulu nangesimo.

I-minim iyisitini esiyisisekelo seTextura — umugqa owodwa omile onezinqamulo zedayimane phezulu nangezansi, osuka emugqeni ophakathi uye emugqeni wesisekelo. Uhlamvu i luyi-minim eyodwa kanye nechashazi elimise okwedayimane phezu kwayo (hhayi ichashazi eliyindilinga — lenziwa ngokuthinta iphepha ngomlomo ngo-degree engu-40 ukuze kusale uphawu lwedayimane). Uhlamvu l luyi-minim eyelulwe phezulu kuze kufike emugqeni wezingxenye ezinyukayo, inedayimane lokuqala kulokho kuphakama. KuTextura, isikhala phakathi kwama-minim ngaphakathi kwegama kufanele silingane nobubanzi bomugqa owodwa — yilokhu okwakha isigqi esilinganayo "sothango lwezingodo" esichaza lo mbhalo. Bhala igama elithi "minimum" (ama-minim angu-15 kanye namachashazi ka-i nezinqamulo) — uma izikhala zakho zilungile, ama-minim kufanele abonakale njengomugqa olinganayo ngokuphelele wemigqa efanayo.

Uhlamvu n luyi-minim ezimbili ezixhunywe phezulu ngomugqa omncane njengonwele noma ngamadayimane agqagqene. KuTextura eqinile awukho umnsalo ogobile phakathi kwama-minim (ngokungafani no-n we-italic) — ukuxhumana kunamagumbi: lapho i-minim yokuqala iphuma khona kuhlangana nalapho eyesibili iqala khona emugqeni ophakathi. Uhlamvu m luyi-minim ezintathu ezixhunyiwe. Uhlamvu h luyisiqu esinyukayo esixhunywe ngegumbi ne-minim yesibili emugqeni ophakathi, njengaku-n. Uhlamvu u luyi-minim ezimbili ezixhunywe ngezansi ngomugqa wonyawo onamagumbi. Qaphela ukuthi zonke zifana kangakanani — u-n, m, h no-u zihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ukuphakama nendawo yemigqa exhumanisayo, hhayi izimo ezehlukene ngokuyisisekelo. Lokhu kufana kwenziwe ngamabomu: kwakha ukubukeka kwendwangu elukiwe, nakuba futhi kwenza iTextura yaziwe ngokuba nzima ukuyifunda ngokushesha.

KuTextura Quadrata, izinhlamvu eziyindilinga AZIYONA indilinga — zakhiwa ngemigqa enamagumbi ekhombisa nje ubundilinga. Uhlamvu o lwenziwa ngemigqa emibili egobile ehlangana ezicongweni ezibukhali phezulu nangezansi, yakhe i-oval enezinhlangothi eziyisithupha noma enamagumbi. Ukugoba ngakunye empeleni kuyi-minim egobe kancane. Uhlamvu c luyingxenye yesobunxele ka-o onamagumbi, enomugqa omfushane phezulu. Uhlamvu e lungu-c omugqa wakhe ongaphezulu ubuyiselwa uvalwe esiqwini, wakhe iso elincane elinamagumbi engxenyeni engenhla. Izinhlamvu d, b, p no-q zihlanganisa isisu esinamagumbi nama-minim anyukayo noma ehlayo. Ukuphatha ukugoba ngamagumbi yikho okwenza iTextura ibukeke yehluke kakhulu ku-italic noma ku-Copperplate — ezinguqulweni ezisemthethweni kakhulu cishe akukho kugoba kwangempela. Uhlamvu ngalunye "oluyindilinga" lugcina isigqi esifanayo esimile nezinhlamvu ezakhiwe ngama-minim.

Qedela izinhlamvu ezincane zeTextura: u-a weTextura unezitezi ezimbili: i-minim ngakwesokudla enomugqa wekhanda omfushane onamagumbi phezulu nesisu esincane esivaliwe esinamagumbi engxenyeni engezansi. Uhlamvu f lunomugqa omude onyukayo ogobela kancane kwesokudla phezulu, nomugqa onqamulayo emugqeni ophakathi. Uhlamvu g lunesisu esinamagumbi, ingxenye eyehlayo emfushane nomugqa ovalayo. Izinhlamvu r no-s zihlukile: u-r weTextura unomugqa omncane wehlombe onamagumbi (omncane kakhulu kunowo-r we-italic); u-s omude (ſ) wawujwayelekile emibhalweni yeNkathi Ephakathi — umugqa omude ofana no-f kodwa ongenawo umugqa onqamulayo. Ekugcineni kwamagama kusetshenziswa u-s oyindilinga esimaziyo namuhla. Izinhlamvu w, x, y, z zakhiwa ngama-minim nemigqa etshekile enezinqamulo zedayimane ezifanayo. Qedela uhlamvu lonke bese uzijwayeza uhlamvu ngalunye kuze kube yilapho izilinganiso nama-engeli ehambisana njalo.

Bhala amagama aphelele nemisho emifushane ngeTextura Quadrata. Isikhala phakathi kwezinhlamvu kufanele sibe ngqo ububanzi be-minim eyodwa yonke indawo — lokhu kubalulekile emphumeleni wothango olwelukiwe. Uma ucwayiza amehlo ubheka ingcezu yeTextura ebhalwe kahle, imigqa emnyama nezikhala ezimhlophe kufanele zakhe iphethini elinganayo enesigqi, engenazo izimbobo noma amabala amnyama. Imibhalo evamile yokuzijwayeza iqala ngoMthandazo weNkosi ngesiLatini ("Pater noster, qui es in caelis") noma noma yisiphi isiqephu somthombo weNkathi Ephakathi. ITextura igcwalisa indawo yayo yombhalo iminyene; ukuvuleka kwekhasi kuvela emaphethelweni ayizungezile. Ngemva kokubhala isigaba, buyela emuva uhlole ukwakheka konke ngaphambi kokuhlola izinhlamvu ngazinye.

Izinhlamvu ezinkulu zokuhlobisa (ama-versal) ezisetshenziswa neTextura zihluke kakhulu ezinhlamvwini ezincane: zinkulu, zihlotshisiwe, futhi zivame ukusekelwa ezimweni zeLombardic noma ze-Uncial kunohlelo lwama-minim olunamagumbi. Ama-versal ngokuvamile adwetshwa ngemigqa eminingana futhi kwesinye isikhathi agcwaliswe, esikhundleni sokubhalwa ngokunyakaza okukodwa kwepeni. Indlela elula yokuzijwayeza: sebenzisa izimo zezinhlamvu ezinkulu zamaRoma ezinobude obucishe bube ububanzi bomlomo obu-7-8, ezidwetshwe ngepeni elinomlomo obanzi elifanayo. Engeza izinqamulo ezincane zedayimane nemihlobiso enamagumbi. Emibhalweni yesandla yeNkathi Ephakathi, ama-versal ayevame ukubhalwa ngoyinki obomvu (rubrication) noma ahlotshiswe kakhulu ngeqabunga legolide nemihlobiso ependiwe (illumination). Ukuze uzijwayeze, bhala uhlamvu olukhulu ngoyinki omnyama ofanayo kodwa ushiye isikhala esikhulu eduze kwalo — uhlamvu olukhulu lweTextura ludinga isikhala sokuphefumula ngoba izinhlamvu ezincane ziminyene kakhulu.

Hlela ikhasi eliphelele lokuzijwayeza ngendlela yemibhalo yesandla yeNkathi Ephakathi. Khetha umbhalo onemigqa engu-8-15. Dweba ngokucophelela imigqa eqondisayo ngepensela. Bhala umbhalo ngeTextura Quadrata ngezikhala ezingaguquki. Engeza i-versal yokuhlobisa ekuqaleni. Uma uthanda, shiya isikhala emaphethelweni angakwesobunxele ukuze kube nomngcele olula wokuhlobisa. Lapho uyinki usomile ngokuphelele — isikhathi sokoma sincike kuyinki nasephepheni, ngakho qala uhlole ekhoneni — sula yonke imigqa yepensela ngesisula esithambile. Umsebenzi oqediwe kufanele ubonise izimfanelo ezisemqoka zeTextura Quadrata: isigqi esimile esilingana ngokuphelele, izinqamulo zedayimane ezihambisanayo, izinhlamvu eziyindilinga ezinamagumbi, ukwakheka kombhalo okuminyene, nesikhala esincane kakhulu phakathi kwemigqa. Lona ngumbhalo owanquma ukubukeka kwezincwadi zaseYurophu amakhulu eminyaka — i-DNA efanayo yokubonakala uGutenberg ayilingisa ezinhlamvwini zokunyathelisa zensimbi.