མཛེས་སྡུག་དང་བདེ་ཐང

རིག་གནས་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས

ཟས་དང་བཏུང་རྫས

ཕྱིར་འཕྲུལ་རིག

རང་བྱུང

བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊི ༡༦༦ ཡོད

བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊི (༡༦༦)

Charlie གྱིས

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Industry 2.0 — Electricity, Steel & Oil (1870)

Charlie གྱིས

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166 ནང་ལས་ 24 སྟོན་དོ།

རང་བྱུང

བིལུ་པིརིན་ཊི (༡༦༦)

Fluorescein: Phthalic Anhydride and Resorcinol Melted with Zinc Chloride (Baeyer, Cohen 1920)

Resorcinol: Benzene Sulphonated Twice, Then Fused with Caustic Soda (Bindschedler and Busch, Thorpe 1913)

Isatin: Indigo Oxidised with Nitric Acid (Erdmann, Cohen 1920)

Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid from Benzaldehyde and Strong Potash (Cannizzaro, Gattermann 1914)

Phenolphthalein: Phthalic Anhydride and Phenol Heated with Sulphuric Acid (Cohen, 1920)

Methane: Sodium Acetate Heated with Calcined Soda and Lime (Thorpe, 1912)

Dimethylaniline: Autoclave Methylation of Aniline (Cain, 1919)

Malachite Green: Fischer's Process, as the Oxalate (Thorpe, 1913)

Denatured Alcohol: French Excise Formula (U.S. Dispensatory, 1907)

Distillation Column Assembly: Flask, "Evaporator" Still-Head, Liebig Condenser and Receivers (Young, 1903)

Fractionating Still: Hempel Bead Column on a Round Flask with Liebig Condenser (Gattermann, 1901)

Fume Hood (Ducted): Sloping Stone Baffle Set from Outside by a Crank (Liptay, US 2,779,265, 1957)

Cation Exchange Resin: Phenol Sulfonated and Cured with Formaldehyde (Wassenegger and Jaeger, I.G., US 2,204,539)

EDTA: Ethylenediamine with Sodium Chloroacetate and Soda at 90-95 C, Precipitated with Hydrochloric Acid (Munz, US 2,130,505)

Sodium Monochloroacetate Solution: Chloroacetic Acid Neutralised with Sodium Bicarbonate (Haskins and Maxwell, du Pont, US 2,131,733)

Monochloroacetic Acid: Chlorine Bubbled into Hot Acetic Acid with a Little Acetic Anhydride (Hammond, Celanese, US 2,503,334)

Acetoacetanilide: Aniline in Ether with Diketene Added Slowly (Gleason, Standard Oil Development, US 2,174,239)

Diketene: Acetone Pyrolysed in Copper at 650 C, Ketene Caught Cold in Acetone and Left to Dimerise (Law, Carbide, US 2,019,983)

Ro-iro Urushi: Black Lustre Lacquer, Raw Lac Blackened with Haguro Iron Vinegar (after Rein 1889)

Variable Contrast Paper: One Emulsion in Five Parts Dyed 30, 15, 6, 2 and 0 mg per Litre (Schwarz, Bell & Howell, US 2,620,272)

Cyclohexanone from Cyclohexanol Steam-Distilled over Copper-Chromium-Barium Oxide (Winans, Wingfoot, US 2,218,457)

Tetrahydrofuran from Caustic-Washed Furan Hydrogenated over Nickel on Kieselguhr (Banford and Manes, du Pont, US 2,846,449)

Furan from Furfural Vapour and Steam over Zinc-Iron Chromite (Whitman, du Pont, US 2,374,149)

Furfural from Oat Hulls Steamed with Sulfuric Acid in a Rotary Digester (Miner and Brownlee, Quaker Oats, US 1,735,084)