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حِرَف

الثقافة والتاريخ

ترفيه

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الطعام والمشروبات

الهندسة العكسية

العلوم

رياضة

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الأجهزة القابلة للارتداء

Rack-and-Pinion Rolling Beater Churn: Beaters That Turn One Way Up, the Other Way Down

Norman B. Livingston, Portland, Indiana · Public domain (expired patent)

أنشأه

Emma

6. أكتوبر 2026

Rack-and-Pinion Rolling Beater Churn: Beaters That Turn One Way Up, the Other Way Down

Livingston wanted a deep, narrow churn in which every part of the cream is worked. Norman B. Livingston of Portland, Indiana, received US 9,097, dated 6 July 1852, for a churn in which "a vertical rack (b) and groove (c) on each of two opposite sides of the box, receive pinions (d) on the two ends of a shaft (e) from which project wings or beaters (f)." A rod from a handle raises and lowers the shaft, and the beaters revolve "in one direction when going up and in the opposite direction when going down." He held a deep box made firmer, yellower butter than shallow vessels; that is his observation. This rung works out the turn per stroke, then prints the wing hub, pinions and racks, fits them in a deep box, and makes butter.

متوسط

About 4 hours, plus printing

التعليمات

Turn per stroke

جارٍ تحميل دفتر Jupyter…

A dasher that turns as it rises and falls before it

The embedded blueprint turns an upright dasher with a pin in a spiral slot. Livingston turns a horizontal beater shaft with pinions on racks.

Read US 9,097

"The motion of the handle up and down, causes the shaft (e) and beaters (f), to ascend and descend in the groove (c), and the pinions (d) working at the same time in the racks (b), the beaters are thereby caused to revolve in one direction when going up and in the opposite direction when going down, so that both the vertical and the rotary movements, are reversed at every stroke."

Print the parts

Print the wing hub (/uploads/blueprints/rack-and-pinion-rolling-beater-churn-wing-hub.stl), two 14-tooth pinions (/uploads/blueprints/rack-and-pinion-rolling-beater-churn-pinion.stl) and two racks with their grooves (/uploads/blueprints/rack-and-pinion-rolling-beater-churn-rack-and-groove.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

خيط PETG1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طابعة ثلاثية الأبعاد بالخيط (FDM)

The deep box

Take a deep, narrow food-safe box about 130 × 120 × 260 mm. Glue a rack upright on each of two opposite inside walls, directly facing each other, teeth the same way.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

حافظة خزن بدرجة غذائية1 قطعة

إيبوكسي ثنائي المكوّن1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

ملازم

شريط قياس

Shaft, rod and lever

Pass a 10 mm square hardwood shaft through the hub and fix a pinion on each end so each meshes its rack, the shaft's ends riding in the grooves. Pivot a steel rod on the shaft's middle, and its top on a pine hand lever pivoted on a post at the box's end.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

أوتاد من خشب صلب1 قطعة

قضيب فولاذ طري1 قطعة

لوح صنوبر1 قطعة

براغي آلية1 قطعة

صامولة سداسية1 قطعة

برغي خشب #8 × 1 بوصة1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

منشار يدوي

منشار حديد

مثقاب لاسلكي

طقم مفكات

The patent drawing

US 9,097 drawing sheet, public domain (expired patent).

Work the lever and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres. Work the lever up and down; the beaters roll one way and back. Time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

قشدة كاملة الدسم2000 مل

ملح بحري خشن1 قطعة

ماء1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مقياس حرارة بمجس يبقى داخل الطعام

ساعة إيقاف

ميزان مطبخ رقمي

وعاء خلط كبير من فولاذ مقاوم للصدأ

Pinions that skip, a shaft that tilts

Rack-and-pinion beater troubleshooting.

Flow

History and honest limits

**Norman B. Livingston** of Portland, Fountain County, Indiana, received US 9,097, dated 6 July 1852. He claimed the racks, grooves and pinions by which the shaft and beaters traverse the cream with a compound vertical revolving and reciprocating motion. **Honest limits.** A food-safe box and printed gears stand in for his. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.