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Whirl-Frame Air Dasher Churn: Free Wheels Spun by the Milk Inside a Revolving Frame

Nathaniel Routzahn, Middletown, Maryland · Public domain (expired patent)

أنشأه

Martin

6. أكتوبر 2026

Whirl-Frame Air Dasher Churn: Free Wheels Spun by the Milk Inside a Revolving Frame

Routzahn put free-turning wheels inside his dasher so the milk itself would spin them. Nathaniel Routzahn of Middletown, Maryland, received US 7,199, dated 19 March 1850, for a churn-dasher of two L-shaped tubes of triangular section, running from near the cover down and in to the spindle, their horizontal arms perforated "through which air enters the milk during the revolution of the dasher." Between each upright arm and the axis, standards carry "whirls B, or wheels having inclined spokes," free to turn in planes through the axis. A bevel wheel and pinion turn the dasher fast, and "the friction thus produced by the whirls greatly facilitates the separation of the butter." This rung estimates how the whirls spin, then prints the hollow frame and two whirls, fits them in a bucket, and makes butter.

متوسط

About 4 hours, plus printing

التعليمات

How the whirls spin

جارٍ تحميل دفتر Jupyter…

Beaters that turn on their own axes before it

The embedded blueprint gears its rollers to a fixed wheel. Routzahn's whirls have no gearing: the milk spins them.

Read US 7,199

"The dasher thus receives a rapid rotating motion, and the whirls in passing through the milk are rapidly turned by its pressure upon the inclined faces of their arms which reacting upon the milk through which they pass, subdivides the whole mass and puts it in violent agitation, during which air is supplied through the outer tubes."

Print the parts

Print the frame flat on its side in one piece with supports (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-frame.stl): two hollow triangular L-tubes, perforated along their horizontal arms and open at the top, the top bar, and standards for the whirls. Print two whirls (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-whirl.stl) and the crank arm (/uploads/blueprints/whirl-frame-air-dasher-churn-crank-arm.stl). Print in PETG at 0.2 mm layers, 30 % infill, 4 walls; wash before first use.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

خيط PETG1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

طابعة ثلاثية الأبعاد بالخيط (FDM)

Hang the whirls

Set each whirl between its standards and pass a 3 mm stainless rod through the standards and the whirl's hub as its axle; it must spin freely. Blow through each tube's top to check the arm holes are clear.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

قضيب فولاذ طري1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

منشار حديد

ورق صنفرة

Spindle and crank

Pass a 10 mm square hardwood spindle through the frame's hubs and glue it. Stand it in a seat drilled in the centre of a food-grade bucket's floor, through a plywood lid, and glue the crank arm and a dowel handle on top. Keep the tubes' open tops above the cream.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

أوتاد من خشب صلب1 قطعة

دلو سعة 20 لترًا1 قطعة

لوح خشب رقائقي1 قطعة

غراء خشب1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مثقاب لاسلكي

طقم لقم ثقب

منشار يدوي

The build in 3D

FreeCAD model of this build, not of the patent: the bucket cut away to show the frame of two triangular L-tubes on the spindle, their perforated horizontal arms, and a free whirl on its axle between standards in each half.

ملف التصميمBLENDCC0 - Free

تنزيل النموذج

Crank and make butter

Let the heavy cream stand until it reaches about 15 °C, checked with the thermometer. Pour in 2 litres, below the tubes' open tops. Crank steadily and watch the whirls spin; time until the butter comes. Pour off the buttermilk, add cold water, churn a little and pour off again until it runs clear; work in a pinch of salt and weigh the butter.

المواد لهذه الخطوة:

قشدة كاملة الدسم2000 مل

ملح بحري خشن1 قطعة

ماء1 قطعة

الأدوات المطلوبة:

مقياس حرارة بمجس يبقى داخل الطعام

ساعة إيقاف

ميزان مطبخ رقمي

وعاء خلط كبير من فولاذ مقاوم للصدأ

Whirls that won't spin, cream in the tubes

Whirl-frame air dasher troubleshooting.

Flow

History and honest limits

**Nathaniel Routzahn** of Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, received US 7,199, dated 19 March 1850. He did not limit himself to the bevel wheel and pinion: "a belt running on pulleys, or an ordinary cog wheel and pinion can be used for the same purpose." He claimed the combination of the whirls with the revolving frame dasher. **Honest limits.** Our crank turns the spindle directly, without his bevel gearing, so the frame and whirls turn slower; printed parts and a bucket stand in for his. The notebook gives an upper bound. FDM prints hold food in their layer lines, so wash well and replace when worn. Your times and weights are the result.