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Sliding-Strip Cylinder Dash Churn: Strips on the Slats Open the Gaps One Way and Close Them the Other
Daniel K. France of Congress, Ohio, received US 25,404, dated 13 September 1859, for a cylindrical churn-dash. Two crosses of curved arms carry four groups of three slats, each slat half by one inch. On each group a metal strip with a slot down its middle is held by screws in short slots, so it slides when the dash changes direction and opens or closes the spaces between the slats. Turned one way the dash churns; reversed, it gathers the butter into a corner. Two cog wheels at three to one drive it.
France gives one size, the slats; every other size here is ours.
Intermediate
About 2 days, plus printing
Instructions
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France's slats, and the wheels' three to one
France's slats, and the wheels' three to one
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A turning dasher on crossed arms in a box, before it
A turning dasher on crossed arms in a box, before it
That dasher's boards were fixed. France's slats carry strips that open and close the gaps with the turning.
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Read US 25,404
Read US 25,404
"The motion of the dash to be to the left in the direction of the curve of the arms while churning, thereby producing the greatest amount of friction in the cream. When butter is produced the motion of the dash is reversed and the butter gathered in the lower left corner of the churn by the reversed action thereon of the dash and self adjusting slide."
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Print the large cog wheel
Print the large cog wheel
The 48-tooth spur wheel (module 3) with a hub, bored 20.4 mm, for the crank's stud. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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Print the small cog wheel
Print the small cog wheel
The 16-tooth spur pinion (module 3) with a hub, bored 20.4 mm, for the dash's shaft. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 40 % infill, 4 walls.
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Box with legs and lid
Box with legs and lid
From 20 mm hardwood cut a bottom 440 x 340 mm, two sides 440 x 300 mm, two ends 300 x 300 mm and a lid 440 x 340 mm. Bore each end 20.8 mm through its middle, 150 mm above the floor, for the shaft. Glue and screw the ends between the sides and the box onto the bottom, and screw four legs of 70 mm timber, 350 mm long, under it. Fill the box with water overnight so it swells tight, then empty it.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board3 pieces
Softwood Timber 70x70mm1 piece
Wood Glue1 piece
Wood Screws30 piecesTools needed:
Table Saw
Hand Saw
Cordless Drill
Spade Bit Set
Bar Clamp
Try Square
Tape Measure
Water7
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Dash: arms, hubs and slats
Dash: arms, hubs and slats
Cut eight curved arms from 22 mm hardwood with the jigsaw, each 18 mm wide, sweeping 30 degrees from a 20 mm hub radius out to 112 mm. Glue four into a 56 mm hardwood hub to make a cross, twice, all curving the same way, and bore the hubs 20.4 mm. Cut twelve slats 12.7 x 25.4 mm, 340 mm long, and screw them to the arms' ends in groups of three, 9 mm apart, flat side out, so their faces are 125 mm from the middle.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board1 pieceWood Glue1 pieceWood Screws24 piecesTools needed:
JigsawTable SawCordless DrillSpade Bit Set
Drill Bit SetTape Measure8
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Strips B with slots C and screws D
Strips B with slots C and screws D
Cut four strips of 0.8 mm stainless sheet, 324 mm long and as wide as a group of slats (94 mm). Cut a slot C 9 mm wide along the middle of each, stopping 30 mm from the ends, and a short slot across each end. Lay each strip on its group's outer face and fix it with an M4 screw through each end slot into the arm's end, just loose enough to slide sideways. Turned one way, the cream pushes each strip so its slot lies over the slats; the other way, over a space.
Materials for this step:
Stainless Steel Sheet1 piece
Machine Screws8 pieces
Flat Washer8 piecesTools needed:
Tin Snips
Files (Hand File)Cordless DrillDrill Bit Set
Screwdriver Set9
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Shaft, cog wheels and crank
Shaft, cog wheels and crank
Pass a 20 mm stainless shaft through one end of the box, the two hubs and the other end, and pin the hubs to it. On the outside of the geared end, screw a hardwood block 96 mm above the shaft, fix a 20 mm stud in it, and fit the large wheel on the stud with a crank and handle. Pin the small wheel on the shaft's end meshing with it.
Materials for this step:
Stainless Steel Rod2 piecesHardwood Board1 piece
Hardwood Dowels1 piece
Hex Bolt Assortment3 pieces
Nylon Insert Lock Nut3 pieces
PETG Filament1 pieceTools needed:
FDM 3D Printer
HacksawCordless DrillDrill Bit Set
Adjustable Spanner10
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The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, front side cut away: the dash's two crosses of curved arms, the four groups of slats with their strips, slots and screws, the shaft through the box's ends, and the two cog wheels and crank outside. The dash was turned through 16 angles.
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Churn, then gather
Churn, then gather
Pour about 6 litres of heavy cream at about 15 °C into the box, checked with the thermometer, and put the lid on. Turn the crank so the dash turns with the curve of its arms, timing it. When the butter comes, turn the crank the other way so the strips slide over and the dash gathers the butter into a corner. Lift it out, drain the buttermilk, wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream6 l
Coarse Sea Salt1 pieceWater1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)12
12
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Sliding-strip churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**Daniel K. France** of Congress, Wayne County, Ohio, US 25,404, 13 September 1859, "Churn-Dash". He claimed the metallic strips B on the convex surface of the slats, held by slots and screws. He disclaimed slats or beaters hinged to the arms. His slats, half by one inch, are kept; every other size is ours. His plates A, changed to reverse the dash when the crank is used alone, are not built.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
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