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Water-Chamber Box Churn: A Turning Box With a Dash-Frame You Lower to Free the Butter
S. S. Langdon of Cleveland, Ohio, received US 25,126, dated 16 August 1859, for a rotary churn shaped like a common box. It turns on two journals in a frame. Inside, two zinc partitions set into saw kerfs make a cream chamber in the middle and two water chambers at the ends, for warm or cold water to temper the cream. A dash-frame of bars, held by a spring, sits midway while churning and is lowered to the bottom so the butter comes out without being pulled through it.
Langdon gives no sizes; every size here is ours, and stainless steel stands in for his zinc.
Intermediate
About 2 days
Instructions
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How much cream, how much water
How much cream, how much water
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A box churn tempered with water, before it
A box churn tempered with water, before it
Langdon knew a box churn with water chambers had been used without a dasher. He added the dash-frame.
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Read US 25,126
Read US 25,126
"When churning, I place the dash-frame about midway from the top to the bottom of the churn, as shown in Fig. 2. When the operation of churning is completed the dash-frame may be lowered to the bottom of the churn in order to remove the butter without interfering with the latter or causing it to adhere to the dasher".
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Box and kerfs
Box and kerfs
From 19 mm hardwood cut a bottom 440 x 278 mm, two sides 440 x 240 mm and two ends 240 x 240 mm. Saw a kerf 1 mm wide and 6 mm deep across each side and the bottom, 150.4 mm either side of the middle, for the partitions. Glue and screw the ends between the sides and the box onto the bottom, square.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board2 pieces
Wood Glue1 piece
Wood Screws24 piecesTools needed:
Table Saw
Hand Saw
Cordless Drill
Drill Bit Set
Bar Clamp
Try Square
Tape Measure5
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Partitions F and the water chambers E
Partitions F and the water chambers E
Cut two stainless sheet plates 251 x 245 mm, 0.8 mm thick, and slide them down the kerfs: each closes off a water chamber 50 mm long at an end. Drill a 17 mm hole low in each end board and one in the bottom of the cream chamber, for the plugs. Fill the box with water overnight so the wood swells tight round the plates; check that each water chamber holds water without filling the cream chamber, then empty it.
Materials for this step:
Stainless Steel Sheet1 piece
PETG Filament1 pieceTools needed:
Tin Snips
Files (Hand File)Cordless Drill
Spade Bit Set
Water
FDM 3D Printer6
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Print the plugs L
Print the plugs L
A tapered plug 18 mm at the head, 25 mm long. Print three. PETG, 0.2 mm layers, 100 % infill.
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Dash-frame K and spring K'
Dash-frame K and spring K'
Cut two hardwood rails 296 x 44 x 20 mm and seven bars 20 x 20 x 196 mm. Fix the bars between the rails set diamond-wise, one corner up, as Fig. 2 draws, 37 mm apart, glued and screwed through the rails. Rivet or screw a bowed strip of stainless spring steel, 256 mm long, along the outside of one rail so it presses on the side and holds the frame wherever you set it.
Materials for this step:
Hardwood Board1 piece
Cold-Rolled Stainless Steel Strip (420)1 pieceWood Glue1 pieceWood Screws14 piecesTools needed:
Table SawHand SawCordless DrillDrill Bit SetTin Snips8
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Cover G, journals B, frame A and crank C
Cover G, journals B, frame A and crank C
Cut the cover from 12 mm plywood to the box's outside size. Set four 6 mm bolts head down in the sides' top edges, 75 mm either side of the middle, through matching holes in the cover, with wing nuts on top. Glue and screw a hardwood block 80 x 80 x 40 mm to the middle of each end, bore it 20 mm, drive in a 20 mm steel stub and pin it with a bolt across. Build a pine frame on four posts with open slots in its top rails for the stubs, and a crank with a turned handle on one stub outside the frame.
Materials for this step:
Plywood Sheet1 piece
Hex Bolt Assortment6 pieces
Wing Nut4 pieces
Flat Washer4 pieces
Nylon Insert Lock Nut2 piecesHardwood Board1 piece
Steel Bar Stock1 piece
Softwood Timber 70x70mm2 pieces
Pine Board1 pieceWood Glue1 pieceWood Screws24 piecesTools needed:
Hand SawCordless DrillSpade Bit SetDrill Bit Set
Hacksaw
Adjustable SpannerTry SquareTape Measure9
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The build in 3D
The build in 3D
FreeCAD model of this build, cover and one side cut away: the cream chamber between the stainless partitions, the water chambers at the ends with their plugs, the dash-frame of diamond-set bars midway, the journal blocks, the frame and the crank. The box was turned through 16 angles in the frame.
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Temper and churn
Temper and churn
Fill both water chambers with warm or cold water as needed, checked with the thermometer, and plug them. Set the dash-frame midway, pour in about 5 litres of heavy cream, bolt the cover on and turn the crank steadily, timing it. When the butter comes, take the cover off, push the dash-frame down to the bottom, lift the butter out over it and drain the buttermilk at the bottom plug. Wash the butter in cold water until it runs clear, work in a pinch of salt and weigh it.
Materials for this step:
Heavy Cream5 l
Coarse Sea Salt1 pieceWater1 pieceTools needed:
Leave-In Probe Thermometer
Electric Kettle
Stopwatch
Digital Kitchen Scale
Stainless Steel Mixing Bowl (Large)11
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Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Water-chamber churn troubleshooting.
Flow
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History and honest limits
History and honest limits
**S. S. Langdon** of Cleveland, Ohio, US 25,126, 16 August 1859, "Churn". He claimed his construction and arrangement of rotary churns with the dash-frame K and the water chambers E. He gives no sizes, so every size here is ours. Stainless steel replaces his sheet zinc because the cream and buttermilk touch the partitions; four wing-nut bolts are his "thumb screws placed on the edge of the cover"; the spring strip and the journal blocks are our versions of his spring K' and journals B.
Materials
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Tools Required
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Design Files
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