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Potassium Permanganate: Pyrolusite Fused with Caustic Potash, Turned Purple by Carbonic Acid
Benjah-bmm27 (Wikimedia Commons) · Public domain
Charlie

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Charlie

14. uMfumfu 2026DE
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Potassium Permanganate: Pyrolusite Fused with Caustic Potash, Turned Purple by Carbonic Acid

Glauber fused pyrolusite with potash in 1659 and watched the solution turn from green to violet to red: the chemical chameleon. Fuse the ore with caustic potash and saltpetre to green potassium manganate, then bubble carbonic acid through its solution to make purple permanganate. It is a strong oxidiser: keep it away from paper, wood and oil. The picture: potassium permanganate crystals.
Osezingeni eliphezulu
Two days

Imiyalelo

1

Grind and weigh

Grind the pyrolusite fine and sift it. Weigh out caustic potash and saltpetre for it (step 6).

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Insimbi ye-pyrolusite (i-manganese dioxide)Insimbi ye-pyrolusite (i-manganese dioxide)100 g
I-potassium hydroxideI-potassium hydroxide130 g

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

I-potassium nitrate (usawoti kabhulakhi)I-potassium nitrate (usawoti kabhulakhi)
Isigqulo NomgquloIsigqulo Nomgqulo
Isisefo Senetha EcolekileIsisefo Senetha Ecolekile
Isikali sesilinganisoIsikali sesilinganiso
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
2

Fuse

Melt the caustic potash in an iron crucible in the furnace and stir in the ore and saltpetre a little at a time with an iron rod. Keep it hot, stirring, until the mass is dark green. Lift it out and let it cool.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhodwe lokuncibilikisa lensimbiIbhodwe lokuncibilikisa lensimbi
Isithando SamalahleIsithando Samalahle
AmalahleAmalahle
Induku yensimbi eyindilingaInduku yensimbi eyindilinga
Udlawu Lwesitsha SokuncibilikisaUdlawu Lwesitsha Sokuncibilikisa
Amagilavu okushiselaAmagilavu okushisela
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
3

Dissolve the green salt

Break up the cold melt and dissolve it in water. The solution is green.

Izinto zokwakha zalesi sinyathelo:

Amanzi AcwengisisiweAmanzi Acwengisisiwe1 ilitha

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ibhikha Le-borosilicateIbhikha Le-borosilicate
Induku Yengilazi YokugovuzaInduku Yengilazi Yokugovuza
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
4

Turn it purple

Bubble carbon dioxide through the solution from a glass tube until it turns deep purple and brown manganese dioxide settles out.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Igesi ye-carbon dioxideIgesi ye-carbon dioxide
Isethi Yemibhobho YengilaziIsethi Yemibhobho Yengilazi
Ibhikha Le-borosilicateIbhikha Le-borosilicate
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
5

Crystallise

Let the brown sludge settle and pour the clear purple liquid off it; do not filter through paper, which it attacks. Evaporate on the sand bath until crystals form on cooling. Drain the dark purple needles and keep them in a closed glass jar.

Amathuluzi adingekayo:

Ipuleti LokuhwamukaIpuleti Lokuhwamuka
Ibhavu lesihlabathiIbhavu lesihlabathi
Ijeke LengilaziIjeke Lengilazi
Izibuko Zokuchitheka KwamakhemikhaliIzibuko Zokuchitheka Kwamakhemikhali
Amagilavu erabhaAmagilavu erabha
6

Charge and yield

Ilayisha incwadi ye-Jupyter…

Izinto

3

Amathuluzi Adingekayo

19

Le blueprint yenza

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Isibambeli

I-potassium permanganate — KMnO4

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Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) from Potash and Slaked Lime, Ure 1839

Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) from Potash and Slaked Lime, Ure 1839

ngu-CharlieDE

Inorganic

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Carbon Dioxide Gas: Chalk and Dilute Acid, Collected from the Bottom Up

Carbon Dioxide Gas: Chalk and Dilute Acid, Collected from the Bottom Up

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Amakhemikhali

6
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Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney

Charcoal Air Furnace for Crucibles, Drawn by a Chimney

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Umsebenzi Wensimbi

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