Ukusebenzisana

UBUHLE NEMPILO

UBUCIKO BEZANDLA

AMASIKO NOMLANDO

EZOKUZIJABULISA

UKUDLA NEZIPHUZO

REVERSE ENGINEERING

UBUCHWEPHESHE

IZINTO EZIGQOKWAYO

Amakhemikhali

Ama-Blueprint angu-1,290 ayatholakala • Izigatshana ezingu-22

Ama-Blueprint (1,290)

Izinto Zokwakha

Kukhonjiswa 24 kwangu-1290

Amakhemikhali

Yeqashela Izigatshana

Spectroscopy

Polymer

Umbala We-Pigment

Okwenyama

Organic

Nuclear

Nanotechnology

Kwezokwelapha

Izinto Zokwakha

Inorganic

Kwezimboni

Umlando

Geochemistry

Ukusha Komlilo

Okwemvelo

CSI Forensic

Crystallography

Cryogenics

Chromatography

Biochemistry

Astrochemistry

Okuhlaziyayo

Ama-Blueprint (1,290)

Citric Acid from Lemon Juice: Scheele's Process, Ure 1839

Carbonated Water: Priestley's Fixed Air from Chalk and Oil of Vitriol, 1772

Nigari: the Bitter Liquor Left When Sea Salt Crystallises

Dilute Sulfuric Acid: Concentrated Acid Poured into Water

Sodium Hydroxide 10 % Solution: Lye Weighed into Water

Litharge: Lead Oxidised in Air, Then Fused

Boiled Linseed Oil: Linseed Oil Heated with Litharge

Potassium Sulfate from the Nitric Acid Residue

Paraffin from Beech Tar: Reichenbach's Method

Beech Wood Distilled in an Iron Retort: Tar, Wood Vinegar and Charcoal

Carbon Disulfide: Sulphur over Red-Hot Charcoal, Fownes

Caustic Potash (Potassium Hydroxide) from Potash and Slaked Lime, Ure 1839

Nitric Acid (Aquafortis) from Saltpetre and Oil of Vitriol, Ure 1839

Potassium Chlorate: Chlorine through Potash, Ure 1839

Red Phosphorus: Schrötter's Heat Conversion

White Phosphorus from Bone Ash: Ure, 1839

French Chalk: Talc Powder Ground and Washed from Soapstone

Glycerin from Candle-Works Sweet Water: Cap's Process

Stearin Candle Stock by Lime Saponification

Venetian Borax: Refining Tincal with Lime

Chloride of Calcium from Marble and Spirit of Salt

Spirit of Salt: Hydrochloric Acid from Sea Salt and Oil of Vitriol

Concentrating Chamber Acid to Oil of Vitriol: Lead Pans, Then Glass

Crude Naphthalene from Light Creosote Oil: Warnes, 1913